in natural history, the name of a substance used by the Turks, and other eastern nations, in their scarlet-dying: they mix it for this purpose with cochineal and tartar, the proportions being two ounces of the bazgengdes to one ounce of cochineal. These are generally esteemed a sort of fruit, and are produced on certain trees in Syria and other places; and it is usually supposed, that the scarcity and dearth of them is the only thing that makes them not used in Europe. But the bazgengdes seem to be no other than the horns of the turpentine-tree in the eastern parts of the world; and it is not only in Syria that they are found, but China also affords them. Many things of