(the duke of), was natural son of James II. by Mrs Arabella Churchill, sister to the great duke of Marlborough. He followed the fate of his father, and came into France after the revolution with James II. Here the duke of Berwick was recommended to the court by his superior merit: he was created marshal of France, knight of the Holy Ghost, duke and peer of France, grandee of Spain, commander in chief of the French armies; in all which stations his behaviour was such, that few equaled, perhaps none surpassed him. He lived in an age when the renowned prince of Orange and many other of the greatest men commanded against him. His courage was of the cool, steady kind; always preserving himself, taking all advantages, not foolishly, rashly, or wantonly throwing away the lives of his soldiers. He kept up on all occasions the most strict discipline; and did not spare punishment among his soldiers for marauding and other crimes, when properly deserved; for which some inconsiderate people have blamed him. He has been reflected upon by the very zealous and violent adherents of the Stuart family, for not being sufficiently attached to that party, which was his own family. But by a cool examination of his actions, it will appear, that his behaviour in this particular was, as in most parts of his life, sensible and just. When he accepted of employments, received honours, dignities, and became a naturalized Frenchman, he thought it his duty, as an honest man, to become a Frenchman, and a real subject to the monarch who gave him bread; and to be, or not to be, in the interest of the Stuart family, according to the will and commands of the sovereign whom he served, and in the interest of France according to time and circumstances; for there is no serving two masters well. But when ordered by his king to be in that family's interest, he acted with the greatest sincerity; and took the most effectual and sensible methods to serve that unhappy house, as the following anecdote, if true, and it has great appearance and probability on its side, proves. The duke of Marlborough, after the signing of the treaty of Utrecht, was censured by the British parliament for some of the army contracts in relation to Berwick, bread and forage; upon which he retired into France; and it was then credibly asserted, the duke of Marlborough was brought over to the interest of the Stuart family; for it is now past a doubt that queen Anne had a very serious intention of having her brother upon the throne of England after her death; and several circumstances, as well as the time of that duke's landing in England, make many people believe he was gained over to the Stuart party. If the duke of Berwick was, directly or indirectly, the means of gaining his uncle over to that interest, he more effectually served it than that rash mock army of unhappy gentlemen who were taken prisoners at Preston in 1715 had it in their power to do. In a word, the duke of Berwick was, without being a bigot, a moral and religious man; and shewed by his life and actions, that morality and religion are very compatible and consistent with the life of a statesman and a great general; and if they were oftener united in those two professions, it would be much happier for the rest of mankind. He was killed by a cannon-ball at the siege of Philipburgh, in 1738.

a shire in Scotland, bounded by the river Tweed, on the south; by Lothian, on the north; by the German Ocean, on the east; and by Teviotdale on the west. It abounds with corn and grass, and has in it several seats of persons of quality. The principal rivers are the Tweed, the Whiteater, Blackadder, Eye, and Eden. The principal place is the town and castle of Dunse, which is the best place for trade in the country. It sends two members to parliament.

(North), a town of Scotland, in the county of Lothian, seated on the Frith of Forth. It was near this place that general Cope was defeated by the rebels in 1745, and made his escape to Berwick-upon-Tweed. W. Long. 2° 29'. N. Lat. 5° 56'.

BERWICK-upon-Tweed, is a town on the borders of England and Scotland, and a county of itself. It stands on the north or Scotch side of the river Tweed; and is pleasantly situated on an easy declivity, almost close to the sea. It has a ditch on the north and east; but on the south and west it has high walls, regularly fortified, and planted with cannon, and to which the river serves as a moat. The houses are generally well built; and the town-house is a handsome structure, with a lofty turret, in which are eight bells, and a fine clock, which tells the quarters, with four dials, one on each side the square. The church is a neat building, but has no bells. The bridge is 947 feet long, and is supported by fifteen arches. The barracks form a large regular square, and will hold two regiments of foot very conveniently. The town is governed by a mayor, recorder, town-clerk, and four bailiffs; and has a coroner, a treasurer, four sergeants at mace, and a water bailiff. It had a strong castle, which now lies quite in ruins. It has a market on Saturdays, extremely well supplied; and a fair on Friday in Trinity-week for black cattle and horses. Corn and eggs are shipped from hence for London and other ports; but the principal trade is the salmon which are caught in the Tweed, and reckoned to be as good as any in the kingdom. Some are sent alive, and some pickled in kets by persons who fulfill on that employment and are called salmon coopers. In June and July salmon is sold for a penny a pound. The living is a rectory, rated at 20l. a year in the king's.