an ancient, large, and very handsome town of Italy, in the territory of the church, and capital of the Bolognese; an archbishop's see, and an university. The public buildings are magnificent, as well with regard to the architecture, as the ornaments, especially the paintings, which are done by the greatest masters. There are a vast number of palaces, in one of which the pope's nuncio resides; the private houses are also well built. Here are 169 churches, and the town is said to contain about 80,000 inhabitants. All the gates and windows are open during the summer; inasmuch that one may see into their apartments and gardens, where there are vast numbers of orange-trees that perfume the air. It is a place of great trade, which is in some measure owing to a canal that runs from this city to the river Po. The Reno, which runs near Bologna, turns 400 mills that are employed in the silk-works; besides, they deal in wax, soap, hams, sausages, and even hip-dogs, which are greatly esteemed. It is seated at the foot of the Apennine mountains, in E. Long. 11. 40. N. Lat. 44. 27.