a city of Germany, in the circle of Lower Saxony, and capital of the duchy of the same name. It is composed of five towns, viz. the Old Town, the New Town, the Hagen or Burg, the Old Wiek, and the Sae, which makes it a large place, but the houses are almost all built of wood. There are several churches, one of which is an ancient Gothic building, but the appearance of its antiquity is almost absorbed by the repairs it has undergone. Brunswick is a fortified place, and would require a numerous army to besiege, and not a few men to defend it. It is of a square form, divided in the middle by the river Ocker. It is about two miles in circumference, and is strongly fortified. On the ramparts is a mortar-piece of brass, ten feet six inches long, and nine feet two inches in circumference, weighing 1800 quintals, and has 93 quintals of iron in its carriages. It will carry a ball of 730 pounds weight to the distance of 33,000 paces, and throw a bomb of a thousand weight; but it requires 52 pounds of powder for a charge. This city is the residence of the prince whom we style the duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle. The inhabitants of the city and parts adjacent carry on a considerable trade with Bohemia. Brunswick rum is well known in England; a small fort of which is the common drink of the inhabitants of the city. The religion here is the Lutheran, and they observe it very strictly. The peasants are sober and laborious, but clownish and heavy; however, as they are robust and strong, they make good soldiers. The elector of Hanover is styled duke of Brunswick, though he has no property in, nor dominion over, this city, which belongs to the duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttle. E. Long. 10. 28. N. Lat. 52. 15.

Brunswick (the duchy of), is a country of Germany, bounded on the north by the duchy of Lunenburg; on the west, by the circle of Weiphalia; from which it is separated by the river Wefer; on the south, by Hesse; and the little territory of Peichfeld; and on the east, by Thuringia, with the principalities of Anhalt and Halberstadt, and the duchy of Magdeburg. The rivers are the Wefer, the Ocker, and the Lyne; and it is fertile both in corn and pastures. It is divided into three principalities, Wolfenbuttle, Grubenhagen, and Calenberg, which also comprehends the duchy of Gottingen. The principality of Wolfenbuttle has its own dukes; but the other two belong to the elector of Hanover. The territories of the house of Brunswick are more extensive; the principal of which are the duchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg, with the county of Danneburg, which is annexed thereto. The rest are Blankenburg, Dieport, and Hoye, besides two or three smaller districts.