in medicine, an appellation given to any liquid, as wine or water, impregnated with particles of iron or steel.

Dr Monro, professor of anatomy at Edinburgh, by pouring a tincture of galls into common water, and dissolving

* See Algiers, p. 14, 20. † Sir Thomas, during his residence in Italy, being particularly fond of natural history, spent some time at Puzzolli, where he was very attentive to the art of producing alum. This attention proved infinitely serviceable to his country, though of no great benefit to himself or family, his attempt being attended with much difficulty and expense. It was begun about the year 1600, in the reign of queen Elizabeth; but was not brought to any degree of perfection till some time in the reign of Charles I., by the assistance of one Rudolf a Walloon, and two other workmen brought from the alum-works at Rochelle. By one of the arbitrary acts of Charles, it was then deemed a mine royal, and granted to Sir Paul Pindar. The long parliament adjudged it a monopoly, and justly restored it to the original proprietors. Chalybeated dissolving therein a small quantity of sal martis, adding some fling of iron, and oil of vitrol, procured a water exactly like the natural chalybeat water; and he is of opinion, that where there are not to be had, the artificial water may be made to answer all their intentions, according to its being more or less closely kept, or exposed in the air or heat, &c.