(Francis Timoleon de),** dean of the cathedral of Bayeux, and one of the forty of the French academy, was born at Paris in 1644. In 1685, he was sent with the chevalier de Chaumont to the king of Siam, and was ordained priest in the Indies by the apostolical vicar. He wrote a great number of works, in a polite, florid, and easy style; the principal of which are, 1. Four dialogues on the Immortality of the soul, &c. 2. Account of a voyage to Siam. 3. An Ecclesiastical History, in 11 vols., 4to. 4. Life of David, with an interpretation of the Psalms. 5. Life of Solomon, &c. He died at Paris in 1724.

**CHOLEDUCHUS,** in ANATOMY. See there, n° 358.

**CHOLER.** See BILE.

**CHOLERA MORBUS,** a sudden eruption or overflowing of the bile or bilious matters both upwards and downwards. See (the Index subjoined to) MEDICINE.

**CHONDROPTERYGII,** in ichthyology, a term formerly applied to the order of fishes now called amphibia nantes by Linnaeus. See AMPHIBIA.

**CHOP-CHURCH,** or CHURCH-CHOPPER, a name, or rather nick-name, given to parsons who make a practice of exchanging benefices. See PERMUTATION.

Chop-church occurs in an ancient statute as a lawful trade or occupation; and some of the judges say it was a good addition. Brock holds that it was no occupation, but a thing permissible by law.

**CHOPIN,** or **CHOPINE,** a liquid measure used both in Scotland and France, and equal to half their pint. See PINT and MEASURE.