(John), a learned professor of philosophy and divinity at Duisburg, was born at Solingen in 1622. He travelled into Holland, France, and England, and in each country obtained the esteem of the learned. The elector of Brandenburg gave him public testimonies of his esteem. He died in 1665. His works were printed at Amsterdam in 2 vols 4to.

The most celebrated of these is his treatise intitled Logica vetus et nova, &c.

CLAUDE OF LORRAINE, a celebrated landscape painter, and a striking example of the efficacy of industry to supply, or at least to call forth, genius. Claude was born in 1600; and being dull and heavy at school, was put apprentice to a patrician cook; he afterwards rambled to Rome to seek a livelihood; but being very ill-bred, and unacquainted with the language, no body cared to employ him. Chance threw him at last in the way of Augustino Traffo, who hired him to grind his colours, and to do all his household drudgery, as he kept no other servant. Here his soul enlarged apace, under the instructions of his master, who hoped to extend the abilities of his service; and he would at length continue whole days on the banks of the Tiber, and in the open fields, deriving his lessons from nature alone. He was as much admired for his performances in fresco as in oil; and was often employed by pope Urban VIII. and many of the Italian princes, in adorning their palaces, till his death in 1682.