the metropolis of the palatinate of Pomerania in Poland, standing on a branch of the Vistula, about four miles above where it falls into the Baltic; in E. Long. 18° 36'. N. Lat. 54° 20'. It is large, populous, and rich; and carries on a vast trade, being the chief mart and magazine of Poland, and one of the greatest granaries in the world; so that whole fleets of ships come hither every year to load with corn alone. It consists of the Old and New town, with their suburbs, has a fine harbour, a great number of ships, and had many valuable privileges. Among the last were those of coining money, gathering amber, and sending representatives to the general diets of Poland and the Prussian senate. It is well fortified; but, being commanded by two hills on the south side, cannot sustain a long siege. It is computed that 365,000 bales of Polish wheat are shipped from this place, one year with another. Hither Poland sends its commodities for exportation, and from hence is chiefly supplied with those of other countries. Among the latter are great quantities of herrings, both Scotch and Dutch. The exports and imports consist of a variety of articles, and furnish a vast deal of business and wealth to the city. The inhabitants, who are computed at 200,000, are mostly Lutherans, with a mixture of Calvinists and Papists. A constant garrison of 200 soldiers is kept in the city. One of the suburbs is called Scotland; and the Scots have great privileges in consequence of their gallant defence of the town, under one of the family of Douglas, when it was besieged by the Poles. It is said there are upwards of 30,000 pedlars of that nation in Poland, who travel on foot, and some with three, four, or five horses. In king Charles II.'s time they were about 53,000; in that reign Sir John Denham and Mr Killigrew were sent to take the number of them, and to tax them by the poll, with the king of Poland's licence; which having obtained, they brought home L. 10,000 Sterling, besides their charges in the journey. Here is a Lutheran college with seven professors, and one teacher of the Polish language. At the mouth of the Vistula, which is defended by several forts, is a good harbour belonging to Dantzig. Its territory consists mostly of islands formed by the Vistula and Motlau.—It is hardly credible how this city has changed its masters in competition for the crown of Poland, and what sums have been extorted from it. While the kingdom of Poland remained, Dantzig was under its protection, but governed by its own magistrates in the form of a republic; but since the destruction of that kingdom, the city of Dantzig has been greatly oppressed by the king of Prussia.