**EMBEMA**, a kind of painted enigma, which, representing some obvious history, with reflections underneath, instructs us in some moral truth or other matter of knowledge. See DEVISE, ENIGMA, &c.

Such is that very significant image of Scævola holding his hand in the fire; with the words, *Agere et pati fortiter Romanum est*, "To do and suffer courageously is Roman."

The word is pure Greek, formed of the verb *εκαίνιζεν* to call in, to infect. Suetonius relates, that Tiberius made the word be erased out of the decree of the Roman senate, because borrowed from another language.

The emblem is somewhat plainer and more obvious than the enigma.—Gale defines emblem an ingenious picture, representing one thing to the eye, and another to the understanding.

The Greeks also gave the name EMBLEMS, *εμβλήματα*, to inlaid or Mosaic works, and even to all kinds of ornaments of vases, moveables, garments, &c. And the Latins used *emblemata* in the same sense. Accordingly, Cicero reproaching Verres with the statues and fine wrought works he had plundered from the Sicilians, calls the ornaments fixed thereto (and which on occasion might be separated from them) *emblemata*. Add, that Latin authors frequently compare the figures and ornaments of discourse to these *emblemata*. Thus, an ancient Latin poet praising an orator, says, that all his words were ranged like the pieces in Mosaic:

*Quam lepide utique composita, ut tesserulae omnes, Arte pannimenti, utque emblemata vernacularis.*

With us, emblem ordinarily signifies no more than a painting, baso relievo, or other representation, intended to hold forth some moral or political instruction.

What distinguishes an emblem from a devise, is, that the words of an emblem have a full, complete sense of themselves; nay, all the sense and signification which they have together with the figure. But there is a yet further difference between emblem and devise: for a devise is a symbol appropriated to some person, or that expresses something which concerns him particularly; whereas an emblem is a symbol that regards all the world alike.

These differences will be more apparent, from comparing the emblem above quoted, with the devise of a candle lighted, and the words, *Juvando confunior*, "I waite myself in doing good." See DEVISE.