a city of Persia, in Asia, and capital of Persian Armenia. It is a large, dirty, ill-looking place, in which are no handsome buildings, the houses being very mean, and raised with earth or mud; but it is full of gardens or vineyards. It is situated in a plain which is surrounded on all sides with mountains. Two rivers pass near it, the Zengui to the north-west, and the Queer Boulac to the south-west. The fortresses may pass for a town of itself; it is of an oval form, and is four miles in circumference, containing about 800 houses. It is inhabited by none but the native Persians. The Armenians have shops in it, where they work and trade in the day-time, but at night return to their habitations in the city. The fortresses are surrounded with three walls, made with bricks dried in the sun, which have battlements, and are flanked with towers, and defended with ramparts. On the north-east there is a dreadful precipice, above 200 yards in depth, at the bottom of which the river runs. The garrison usually consisted of 2000 men; but how many there are since the revolution, is hard to say. The palace of the governor of the province is within the fortresses. The city is about a cannon's shot distant from the fortresses, and the space between is full of houses and markets. E. Long. 44° 56'. N. Lat. 40° 20'.