one of the quarters of the world, bounded on the north by the Frozen Ocean, on the west by the Western Ocean, on the south by the Mediterranean, which separates it from Africa, and by the Archipelago, which divides it in part from Asia, as also by the Black Sea, then by the river Don, till it comes near the river Volga or Wolga, and then it is parted from Asia by this last, and afterwards by the river Oby. Europe is situated between Long. 9° 35' W. and 72° 25' E., and Lat. 35° and 72° N. It is about 3300 miles in length, from Cape St Vincent in Portugal, to the river Oby in Russia; and 2200 miles in breadth, from Cape Matapan, in the Morea, to the North Cape of Norway. We may judge by this, that it is much less than Asia and Africa; but it is in many things more considerable than both.

Europe, excepting a small part of Lapland and Muscovy, is situated in the temperate zone; infomuch, that we neither feel the extremities of heat nor cold. We cannot boast of rich mines of gold, silver, and precious stones; nor does it produce sugar or spices, nor yet elephants, camels, &c. which we can do without; but produces abundance of corn, pulse, fruits, animals, &c. the most necessary for the use of mankind. In general, it is better peopled and better cultivated than the other quarters; it is more full of cities, towns, and villages, great and small, and its buildings are more solid and more commodious than those of Africa and Asia. The inhabitants are all white; and incomparably more handsome than the Africans, and even than most of the Asiatics. The Europeans surpass both in arts and sciences, especially in those called the liberal; in trade, navigation, and in military and civil affairs; being, at the same time, more prudent, more valiant, more generous, more polite, and more sociable than they: and though we are divided into various sects, yet, as Christians, we have infinitely the advantage over the rest of mankind. There are but few places in Europe where they sell each other for slaves; and none where robbery is a profession, as it is in Asia and Africa.

There are several sorts of governments in Europe; as the two empires of Germany and Russia, the kingdoms of England, France, Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Prussia, Sardinia, and the Two Sicilies. The commonwealths are Holland, Switzerland, Venice, Genoa, Ragusa, Lucca, and Geneva. The dukedoms, Tuscan, Savoy, Modena, Mantua, Parma, and Courland, &c.

There are five sorts of religions in Europe, viz. the Mahommedan, which is professed in Turkey in Europe; the Greek, of which there are many in the same parts, in all Muscovy, and in several parts of Polish Russia; the Roman Catholic in Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy; the Protestant, though with a considerable difference, in Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. There is a mixture of both the last, in Ireland, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Hungary, and the Low Countries: besides many Jews, and some idolaters in Lapland and the northern parts of Muscovy.

There are three general languages in Europe: the Latin, of which the Italian, the French, and the Spanish, are dialects; the Teutonic, which is spoken, tho' differently, in Germany, Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, and Great Britain; the Slavonic, which is spoken, tho' greatly disguised, in Muscovy, Poland, Bohemia, and Turkey in Europe. There are some of less extent: as, the Greek; the Proper Hungarian; the Basque; the British, which is spoken in Wales and Bretagne in France; the Irish; and the Laponic.

Europe may be divided into 11 great parts, including their dependencies: 1. Sweden; 2. Denmark and Norway; 3. Russia; 4. Poland; 5. Germany; 6. France; 7. Spain; 8. Italy; 9. Turkey in Europe; 10. Little Tartary; and, 11. The European islands, of which the chief are Great Britain and Ireland. The greatest cities in Europe are, London, Paris, Amsterdam, Constantinople, Moscow, and Rome.