(Dr John), a very learned English divine and bishop, entered a student at Christ-church, Oxford, 1636. In 1648, he was ejected by the parliamentary visitors, being then in holy orders; and from that time to the restoration lived at Oxford a retired and studious life. He was installed canon of Christ-church, July 1660; and the year following, dean of that church; in which places he did great services to the college, and reformed several abuses. He was consecrated bishop of Oxford in 1675; and had leave to hold his deanship in commendam, that he might continue his services to the college and university. He published several works, and died in 1686.

FELLING of TIMBER.—Many circumstances are well known and constantly observed in the felling of timber for building, which, though to a hasty obser- ver they might appear trifling, yet prove, on experi- ence, to be of the utmost consequence. One thing ob- served by Mr De Buffon, which very greatly increases the solidity and strength of timber, is, that the trees intended to be felled for service should first be stripped Fig. 1. Felis Leo or Lion

Fig. 2. Felis Tigris or Tiger Fig. 1. Felis Pardus or Panther

Fig. 2. Felis Leopardus or Leopard Fellowship of their bark, and suffered to stand and die upon the spot before the cutting. The sappy part or bila of the oak, becomes by this means as hard and firm as the heart; and the real strength and density of the wood has been proved, by many experiments, to be greatly increased by it: nor is this a practice of any detriment to the proprietor, since the remaining limbs of these trees send up their young shoots as vigorously as if they had been cut down in their natural condition.

When any tree is to be cut down for timber, the first thing to be taken care of is a skilful disbranching of such limbs as may endanger its fall: many trees are utterly spoiled for want of a previous care of this kind. In arms of timber that are very great, it is always necessary to chop or fink them close to the bole, and then, meeting it with down-right strokes, it will be severed from the tree without splitting. In felling the tree, take care always to cut it as close to the ground as possible, unless it is intended to be grubbed up: and the doing that is of advantage both to the timber, and to the wood; for timber is never so much valued, if it be known to grow out of old stocks.