a very useful engine for the turning of wood, ivory, metals, and other materials. See TURNING. The invention of the lathe is very ancient; Diodorus Siculus says, the first who used it was a grandson of Dedalus, named Talus. Pliny ascribes it to Theodore of Samos; and mentions one Thericles, who rendered himself very famous by his dexterity in managing the lathe. With this instrument the ancients turned all kinds of vases, many whereof they enriched with figures and ornaments in basso relievo. Thus Virgil:

*Lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vittis.*

The Greek and Latin authors make frequent mention of the lathe; and Cicero calls the workmen who used it *caesararii*. It was a proverb among the ancients, to say a thing was formed in the lathe, to express its delicacy and justness.

The lathe is composed of two wooden cheeks, or sides, parallel to the horizon, having a groove or opening between; perpendicular to these are two other pieces, called *puppets*, made to slide between the cheeks, and to be fixed down at any point at pleasure. These have two points, between which the piece to be turned is sustained; the piece is turned round, backwards and forwards, by means of a string put round it, and fastened above to the end of a pliable pole, and underneath to a tredle or board moved with