the seventh and last day of the week, so called from the idol Seater, worshipped on this day by the ancient Saxons, and thought to be the same as the Saturn of the Latines.

SATURÉIA, savory; a genus of the gymnosophria order, belonging to the didynamia class of plants.

Species. 1. The hortensis, or summer savory, is an annual plant, which grows naturally in the south of France and Italy, but is cultivated in this country both for the kitchen and medicinal use. 2. The montana, or winter savory, is a perennial plant growing naturally in the south of France and Italy, but is cultivated in gardens both for culinary and medicinal purposes.

Culture. Both kinds are propagated by seeds. Those of the first kind should be sown in the beginning of April upon a bed of light earth, either where they are to remain, or for transplanting. If the plants are to stand unremoved, they should be sown thinly; but if they are to be transplanted, they may be sown closer. The second species may be sown upon a poor dry soil, where the plants will will endure the severest winters, though they are often killed by the frost when planted in good ground. The plants will continue several years; but when they are old, the shoots will be short and not so well furnished with leaves: it will therefore be proper to raise a supply of young plants every year.

**Uses.** Summer savory is a very warm pungent aromatic; and affords in distillation with water a subtile essential oil, of a penetrating smell, and very hot acid taste. It yields little of its virtues by infusion to aqueous liquors; rectified spirit extracts the whole of its taste and smell, and elevates nothing in distillation.

**Saturn,** in astronomy, one of the planets of our solar system revolving at the distance of more than 900 millions of miles from the sun. See Astronomy.

**Saturn,** in chemistry, an appellation given to lead.

**Saturn,** in heraldry, denotes the black colour in bazoning the arms of sovereign princes.

**Saturn,** one of the principal of the Pagan deities, was the son of Caelus and Terra, and the father of Jupiter. He deposed and calumniated his father; and obliged his brother Titan to resign his crown to him, on condition of his bringing up none of his male issue, that the succession might at length devolve on him. For this purpose he devoured all the sons he had by his wife Rhea or Cybele; but she bringing forth at one time Jupiter and Juno, she presented the latter to her husband, and sent the boy to be nursed on mount Ida; when Saturn being informed of her having a son, demanded the child; but in his stead his wife gave him a stone swaddled up like an infant, which he instantly swallowed. Titan finding that Saturn had violated the contract he had made with him, put himself at the head of his children, and made war on his brother, and having made him and Cybele prisoners, confined them in Tartarus: but Jupiter being in the mean time grown up, raised an army in Crete, went to his father's assistance, defeated Titan, and restored Saturn to the throne. Some time after, Saturn being told that Jupiter intended to dethrone him, endeavoured to prevent it; but the latter being informed of his intention, deposed his father, and threw him into Tartarus. But Saturn escaping from thence, fled into Italy, where he was kindly received by Janus king of the country, who associated him to the government: whence Italy obtained the name of *Saturnia Tellus*; as also that of *Latium,* from *latio,* "to lie hid." There Saturn, by the wisdom and mildness of his government, it is said to have produced the golden age.

**Saturnalia,** in Roman antiquity, a festival observed about the middle of December, in honour of the god Saturn, whom Lucan introduces giving an account of the ceremonies observed on this occasion, thus. "During my whole reign, which lasts but for one week, no public business is done; there is nothing but drinking, singing, playing, creating imaginary kings, placing servants with their masters at table, &c. There shall be no disputes, reproaches, &c. but the rich and poor, masters and slaves, shall be equal, &c."

On this festival the Romans sacrificed bare-headed, contrary to their custom at other sacrifices.

**Saturnine,** an appellation given to persons of a melancholy disposition, as being supposed under the influence of the planet Saturn.

**Satyr,** or *Satire,* in matters of literature, a discourse or poem, exposing the vices and follies of mankind. See Poetry, n° 88.

The chief satirists among the ancients are, Horace, Juvenal, and Persius; those among the moderns, are, Regnier and Boileau, in French; and Dryden, Oldham, Rochester, Buckingham, Pope, Young, &c. among the English.

**Satyriasis.** See Medicine, n° 466.

**Satyrs,** in fabulous history, a part of Bacchus's retinue, represented with disagreeable faces, their heads armed with short horns, with hairy bodies, and with the feet and legs of goats. They are represented by the poets as having their usual residence in the woods and forests, and as being of a wanton and lustful disposition.

Some think the notion of these satyrs might have been derived from the monkeys known at present under the same name. See the article Simia.

**Savage (Richard),** one of the most remarkable characters that is to be met with perhaps in all the records of biography, was the son of Anne countess of Macclesfield, by the earl of Rivers, according to her own confession; and was born in 1668. This confession of adultery was made in order to procure a separation from her husband the earl of Macclesfield; yet, having obtained this desired end, no sooner was her spurious offspring brought into the world, than, without the dread of shame or poverty to excuse her, she discovered the resolution of disowning him; and, as long as he lived, treated him with the most unnatural cruelty. She delivered him over to a poor woman to educate as her own; and prevented the earl of Rivers from leaving him a legacy of L. 6000, by declaring him dead. She endeavoured to send him secretly to the plantations; but this plan being either laid aside or frustrated, she placed him apprentice with a shoemaker. In this situation, however, he did not long continue: for his nurse dying, he went to take care of the effects of his supposed mother; and found in her boxes some letters which discovered to young Savage of his birth, and the cause of its concealment.

From the moment of this discovery it was natural for him to become dissatisfied with his situation as a shoemaker. He now conceived that he had a right to share in the affluence of his real mother; and therefore he directly, and perhaps indiscreetly, applied to her, and made use of every art to awaken her tenderness and attract her regard. But in vain did he solicit this unnatural parent; she avoided him with the utmost precaution, and took measures to prevent his ever entering the house on any pretence whatever.