in antiquity, a sentence upon criminals among the Romans, whereby they were condemned to entertain the people by fighting either with wild beasts, or with one another, and thus executing justice upon themselves.

Ad Metalla, in antiquity, the punishment of such criminals as were condemned to the mines, among the Romans; and therefore called Metallici.

Ad Valorem, a term chiefly used in speaking of the duties or customs paid for certain goods: The duties on some articles are paid by the number, weight, measure, tale, &c.; and others are paid ad valorem, that is, according to their value.