strong and considerable city of Italy, belonging to the Duchy of Milan, with a good castle, built in 1178 in honour of Pope Alexander III. This pope made it a bishopric, with several privileges and exemptions. Prince Eugene of Savoy took this city in 1706, after three days siege. The French took it in 1745; but the king of Sardinia, to whom it belongs by the treaty of Utrecht, retook it in 1746. The fortifications of the town are trifling, but the citadel is considerable. It is 15 miles south-east of Caffa, 35 north-by-west of Genoa, and 40 south-by-west of Milan. E. Long. 8° 40'. N. Lat. 44° 53'. The country about this town is called the Alexandrin.

Alexandria (anc. geog.), a city of Arachosia, called also Alexandropolis, on the river Arachotus (Stephanus, Isidorus Characenus).—Another Alexandria in Gedrosia, built by Leonatus, by order of Alexander (Pliny).—A third Alexandria in Asia, situated at the lake Arias (Ptolemy); but, according to Pliny, built by Alexander on the river Arius.—A fourth in the Bactriana (Pliny).—A fifth Alexandria, an inland town of Carmania (Pliny, Ptolemy, Ammian).—A sixth Alexandria, or Alexandropolis, in the Sogdiana (Isidorus Characenus).—A seventh in India, at the confluence of the Aceines and Indus (Arrian).—An eighth, called also Alexandretta, near the Sinus Isthicus, on the confines of Syria and Cilicia, now Scanderoon (see Alexandretta), the port-town to Aleppo.—A ninth Alexandria of Margiana, which being demolished by the barbarians, was rebuilt by Antiochus the son of Seleucus, and called Antiochia of Syria (Pliny); watered by the river Margus, which is divided into several channels, for the purposes of watering the country, which was called Zotaite. The city was seventy stadia in circuit, according to Pliny; who adds, that, after the defeat of Craesus, the captives were conveyed to this place by Orodes, the king of the Parthians.—A tenth, of the Oxiana, built on the Oxus by Alexander, on the confines of Bactria (Pliny).—An eleventh, built by Alexander at the foot of mount Panamius, which was called Caucajus (Pliny, Arrian).—A twelfth Alexandria in Troas, called also Troas and Antigonia (Pliny).—A thirteenth on the Iaxartes, the boundary of Alexander's victories towards Scythia, and the last that he built on that side.