a celebrated Greek philosopher, the the disciple of Anaxagoras, flourished about 440 years before Christ. He read lectures at Athens, and did not depart much from the opinions of his master. He taught that there was a double principle of all things, namely, the expansion and condensation of the air, which he regarded as infinite. Heat, according to him, was in continual motion. Cold was ever at rest. The earth, which was placed in the midst of the universe, had no motion. It originally resembled a wet marth, but was afterwards dried up; and its figure, he said, resembled that of an egg. Animals were produced from the heat of the earth, and even men were formed in the same manner. All animals have a soul, which was born with them: but the capacities of which vary according to the structure of the organs of the body in which it resides.—Socrates, the most illustrious of his disciples, was his successor.

son of Herod the Great, was declared king of Judea the second year after the birth of Christ. He put to death 3000 persons before he went to Rome to be confirmed by Augustus. However, that emperor gave him half of what had been possessed by his father; but at length, on fresh complaints exhibited against him by the Jews, he banished him to Vienne in Gaul, A.D. 6, where he died.

son of Apollonius, one of the greatest sculptors of antiquity, was a native of Ionia, and is thought to have lived in the time of the emperor Claudius. He executed, in marble, the apotheosis of Homer. This masterpiece in sculpture was found in 1568, in a place named Fratocchia, belonging to the princes of Colonna, where, it is said, the emperor Claudius had a pleasure-house. Father Kircher, Cuper, Spanheim, and several other learned antiquaries, have given a description and explication of this work.