(the Duke of), was natural son of James II. by Mrs Arabella Churchill, father to the great Duke of Marlborough. He followed the fate of his father, and came into France after the revolution with James II. Here the Duke of Berwick was recommended to the court by his superior merit. He was created marshal of France, knight of the Holy Ghost, duke and peer of France, grandee of Spain, commander in chief of the French armies; in all which stations his behaviour was such, that few equalled, perhaps none surpassed, him. He lived in an age when the renowned Prince of Orange and many other of the greatest men commanded against him. His courage was of the coolest kind; always possessing himself; taking all advantages; not foolishly, rashly, or wantonly throwing away the lives of his soldiers. He kept up on all occasions the most strict discipline; and did not spare punishment among his soldiers for marauding and other crimes, when properly deserved; for which some inconsiderate people have blamed him. He has been reflected upon by the very zealous and violent adherents of the Stuart family for not being sufficiently attached to that party, which was his own family. But by a cool examination of his actions, it will appear, that his behaviour in this particular... Berwick, one of the best cultivated counties in Scotland; bounded by the river Tweed, on the south; by Lothian, on the north; by the German Ocean, on the east; and by Tiviotdale, on the west. It abounds with corn and grass, and has in it several seats of persons of quality. The principal rivers are the Tweed, the Whitterer, Blackadder, Eye, and Ednel. The chief place is the town and castle of Dunfermline. Eymouth is the sea-port, where a great deal of grain is shipped. Lauder is the only royal borough, though Greenlaw is the county-town. It sends one member to parliament.

Berwick (North), a royal borough and sea-port in the county of East Lothian in Scotland. W. Long. 2° 29'. N. Lat. 56'.

Berwick-upon-Tweed, is a town on the borders of England and Scotland, and a county of itself. It stands on the north or Scottish side of the river Tweed; and is pleasantly situated on an easy declivity, almost close to the sea. It has a ditch on the north and east; but on the south and west it has high walls, regularly fortified, and planted with cannon, and to which the river serves as a moat. The houses are generally well built; and the town-house is a handsome structure, with a lofty turret, in which are eight bells, and a fine clock which tells the quarters, with four dials, one on each side the square. The church is a neat building, but has no bells. The bridge is 947 feet long, and is supported by fifteen arches. The barracks form a large regular square, and will hold two regiments of foot very conveniently. The town is governed by a mayor, recorder, town-clerk, and four bailiffs; and has a coroner, a treasurer, four sergeants at mace, and a water bailiff. It had a strong castle, which now lies quite in ruins. It has a market on Saturdays, extremely well supplied; and a fair on Friday on Trinity-week for black cattle and horses. Corn and eggs are shipped from hence for London and other ports; but the principal trade is the salmon which are caught in the Tweed, and reckoned to be as good as any in the kingdom. Some are sent alive, and some pickled in kists by persons who subsist on that employment, and are called salmon coopers. The living is a rectory, rated at 20l. a-year in the king's books. Though this town is not admitted to be either in England or Scotland, the English judges hold affizes here; and it is subject to the bishop of Durham. It sends two members to parliament. W. Long. 1° 35'. N. Lat. 55° 58'.