(*cantus*), is used for the vocal music of churches.

In church-history we meet with divers kinds of chant or song. The first is the *Ambrosian*, established by St Ambrose. The second, the *Gregorian chant*, introduced by Pope Gregory the great, who established schools of chantors, and corrected the church-song. This is still retained in the church under the name of plain song: at first it was called the *Roman song*. The plain or *Gregorian chant*, is where the choir and people sing in unison, or all together in the same manner.

**CHANTILLY,** a village in France, about seven leagues from Paris, where there is a magnificent palace and fine forest belonging to the duke of Bourbon.

**CHANTOR,** a singer of a choir in a cathedral. The word is almost grown obsolete, *chorister* or *fiddling-man* being commonly used instead of it. All great chapters have chantors, and chaplains to assist the canons, and officiate in their absence.

Chantor is used by way of excellence for the precentor or master of the choir, which is one of the first dignities of the chapter. At St David's in Wales, where there is no dean, he is next in dignity to the bishop. The ancients called the chantor *primicerius cantorum*. To him belonged the direction of the deacons and other inferior officers.

Chantors, in the temple of Jerusalem, were a number of Levites employed in singing the praises of God, and playing upon instruments before his altar. They had no habits distinct from the rest of the people; yet in the ceremony of removing the ark to Solomon's temple, the chantors appeared dressed in tunics of byssus or fine linen. 2 Chron. v. 12.

**CHANTRY,** or **CHAUNTRY,** was anciently a church or chapel endowed with lands, or other yearly revenue, for the maintenance of one or more priests, daily saying or singing mass for the souls of the donors, and such others as they appointed. Hence *chantery-rents* are rents paid to the crown by the tenants or purchasers of *chantery lands*.

**CHAEOLOGY,** the history or description of the chaos. See **CHAOS.**

Orpheus, in his chaology, sets forth the different alterations, fectations, and divers forms which matter went through till it became inhabitable, which amounts to the same with what we otherwise call *cosmogony*. Dr Burnet, in his theory of the earth, represents the chaos as it was at first, entire, undivided, and universally rude and deformed; or the *tobu bobu*: then shows how it came to be divided into its respective regions; how the homogeneous matter gathered itself apart from all of a contrary principle; and lastly, how it hardened, and became a solid habitable globe. See **EARTH.**

**CHAOS,** that confusion in which matter lay when newly produced out of nothing at the beginning of the world, before God, by his almighty word, had put it into the order and condition wherein it was after the six days creation. See **EARTH.**

Chaos is represented by the ancients as the first principle, ovum, or seed of nature and the world. All the sophists, sages, naturalists, philosophers, theologues, and poets, held that chaos was the eldest and first principle, *το ἀρχαιότατον χάος*. The Barbarians, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Persians, &c. all refer the origin of the world to a rude, mixed, confused mass of matter. The Greeks, Orpheus, Hesiod, Menander, Aristophanes, Euripides, and the writers of the Cyclic Poems, all speak...