a market town of Derbyshire in England, pleasantly situated on a hill between two small rivers. It has the title of an earldom; and a considerable market for corn, lead, and other country commodities. The houses are, for the most part, built of rough stone, and covered with slate. W. Long. 1° 25'. N. Lat. 53° 20'.

(Earl of). See Stanhope.

CHEVAL de Frise, a large piece of timber pierced, and traversed with wooden spikes, armed or pointed with iron, five or six feet long. See Plate CXXXVI.

The term is French, and properly signifies a Frisian horse; as having been first invented in that country.—It is also called a Turnpike or Turniquet.

Its use is to defend a passage, stop a breach, or make a retrenchment to stop the cavalry. It is sometimes also mounted on wheels, with artificial fires, to roll down in an assault. Errard observes, that the prince of Orange used to inclose his camp with Chevaux de Frise, placing them one over another.