or Chisel, an instrument much used in sculpture, masonry, joinery, carpentry, &c.

There are chisels of different kinds; though their chief difference lies in their different size and strength, as being all made of steel well sharpened and tempered; but they have different names, according to the different uses to which they are applied.—The chisels used in carpentry and joinery are, 1. The former; which is used first of all before the paring-chisel, and just after the work is scribed. 2. The paring-chisel, which has a fine smooth edge, and is used to pare off or smoothe the irregularities which the former makes. This is not struck with a mallet as the former is, but is pressed with the shoulder of the workman. 3. Skew-former: this is used for cleaning acute angles with the point or corner of its narrow edge. 4. The mortise-chisel; which is narrow, but very thick and strong, to endure hard blows, and it is cut to a very broad basil. Its use is to cut deep square holes in the wood for mortises. 5. The gouge, which is a chisel with a round edge; one side whereof serves to prepare the way for an augre, and the other to cut such wood as is to be rounded, hollowed, &c. 6. Socket-chisels, which are chiefly used by carpenters, &c. have their shank... Chiton

Chivalry.

shank made with a hollow socket at top, to receive a strong wooden sprig, fitted into it with a shoulder. These chisels are distinguished, according to the breadth of the blade, into half-inch chisels, three quarters of an inch chisels, &c. 7. Ripping-chisels; which is a socket-chisel of an inch broad, having a blunt edge, with no basil to it. Its use is to rip or tear two pieces of wood asunder, by forcing in the blunt edge between them.

CHITTON, in zoology, a genus of the order of vermes testaceae. The name chiton is from ἀκτίς, Lericus, a coat of mail. The shell is plated, and consists of many parts lying upon each other transversely: the inhabitant is a species of the doris. They are common on the shores of Scarborough, Aberdeen, and Lochbroom. See several species represented of their natural size on Plate CXXXVIII.