(James), in Latin Cujacius, the best civilian of his time, was born at Toulouse, of obscure parents, in 1520. He learned polite literature and history; and acquired great knowledge in the ancient laws, which he taught with extraordinary reputation at Toulouse, Cahors, Bourges, and Valence, in Dauphiné. Emanuel Philibert, duke of Savoy, invited him to Turin, and gave him singular marks of his esteem. Cujas afterwards refused very advantageous offers from Pope Gregory XIII. who was desirous of having him teach at Bologna; but he chose rather to fix at Bourges, where he had a prodigious number of scholars; whom he not only took great pleasure in instructing, but assisted with his substance, which occasioned his being called the Father of his Scholars. He died at Bourges in 1590, aged 70. His works are in high esteem among civilians.