Cumberia, so denominated from the Cumbri or Britons who inhabited it; one of the most northerly counties in England. It was formerly a kingdom extending from the vallum of Adrian to the city of Dumbrition, now Dumbarton, on the frith of Clyde in Scotland. At present it is a county of England, which gives the title of duke to one of the royal family, and sends two members to parliament. It is bounded on the north and north-west by Scotland; on the south and south-east by part of Lancashire and Westmoreland; it borders on the east with Northumberland and Durham; and on the west is washed by the Irish sea. The length from north to south may amount to 55 miles, but the breadth does not exceed 40. It is well watered with rivers, lakes, and fountains; but none of its streams are navigable. In some places there are very high mountains. The air is keen and piercing on these mountains towards the north; and the climate is moist, as in all hilly countries. The soil varies with the face of the country; being barren on the moors and mountains, but fertile in the valleys and level ground bordering on the sea. In general the eastern parts of theshire are barren and desolate; yet even the least fertile parts are rich in metals and minerals. The mountains of Copeland abound with copper veins of the same metal, with a mixture of gold and silver, were found in the reign of queen Elizabeth among the fells of Derwent; and royal mines were formerly wrought at Keswick. The county produces great quantities of coal, some lead, abundance of the mineral earth called black-lead, several mines of lapis calamarius; and an inconsiderable pearl-fishery on the coast near Ravenglas.

(Richard), a very learned English divine in the latter end of the 17th century, was son of a citizen of London, and educated at Cambridge. In 1672, he published his excellent Treatise of the Laws of Nature; and in 1686, An Essay toward the Jewish... Cuminum Jewish Weights and Measures. After the revolution he was nominated by king William to the bishopric of Peterborough, without the least solicitation on his part. He pursued his studies to the last; and the world is obliged to him for clearing up several difficulties in history, chronology, and philosophy. After the age of 83, he applied himself to the study of the Coptic language, of which he made himself master. He was as remarkable for humility of mind, benevolence of temper, and innocence of life, as for his extensive learning. He died in 1718.