among miners, is appropriated to the operation of freeing any kind of ore from the bed or stratum in which it lies, where every stroke of their tools turns to account: in contradiction to the openings made in search of such ore, which are called hatches, or effay-hatches; and the operation itself, tracing of mines, or hatching.

When a bed of ore is discovered, the beelee-men, so-called from the instrument they use, which is a kind of pick-axe, free the ore from the fossils around it; and the shovel-men throw it up from one thumble to another, till it reaches the mouth of the hatch.

In some mines, to save the expense as well as fatigue of the shovel-men, they raise the ore by means of a winder and two buckets, one of which goes up as the other comes down.