in astronomy, tables calculated by astronomers, showing the present state of the heavens for every day at noon; that is, the places where-in all the planets are found at that time. It is from these tables that the eclipses, conjunctions, and aspects of the planets, are determined; horoscopes or celestial schemes constructed, &c. We have ephemerides of Origan, Kepler, Argoli, Heckerus, Mezzaracchii, Wing, De la Hire, Parker, &c. S. Cassini has calculated ephemerides of the sidera medicae or satellites of Jupiter, which are of good use in determining the longitude.

In England, the Nautical Almanac, or Astronomical Ephemeris, published annually by anticipation, under the direction of the commissioners of longitude, is the most considerable. In France, celestial ephemerides have been published by M. Desplaces every ten years, from 1715 to 1745; they were afterwards continued by the Abbé Caille, with many additions; of which an account may be seen in the History of the Academy of Sciences for 1743. The Academy of Sciences have likewise published annually, from the beginning of the present century, a kind of ephemeris, under the title of Connaissance des Temps.