a kind of low flat-built vessel, furnished with one deck, and navigated with sails and oars, particularly in the Mediterranean. By the Greek authors under the eastern empire, this kind of vessel was called γαλάξια and γαλάξιος; and by the Latin authors of the same time, galea; whence, according to some, the modern denomination. Some say it was called galera, on account of a cap or helmet which it carried on its prow, as Ovid attests, de Triflib. The French call it galere; by reason, they say, that the top of the mast is usually cut in the form of a hat, which the Italians call galero. Others derive both galea, and galere, from a fish by the Greeks called γαλάξιος, or ερυξιος, and by us the swordfish, which this vessel resembles. Lastly, others derive the galley, galea, galere, galacce, &c., from the Syriac and Chaldee gaul, and gallin, a man exposed on the water in a vessel of wood.

The largest sort of these vessels is employed only by the Venetians. They are commonly 162 feet long above, and 133 feet by the keel; 32 feet wide, with 23 feet length of stern-post. They are furnished with three masts, and 32 banks of oars; every bank containing two oars, and every oar being managed by six or seven slaves, who are usually chained thereto. In the fore-part they have three little batteries of cannon, of which the lowest is of two 36 pounders, the second of two 24 pounders, and the uppermost of two 2 pounders: three 18 pounders are also planted on each quarter. The complement of men for one of these galleys is 1000 or 1200. They are deemed extremely convenient for bombarding or making a descent upon an enemy's coast, as drawing but little water; and having by their oars frequently the advantage of a ship of war, in light winds or calms, by cannonading the latter near the surface, of the water; by scouring her whole length with their shot, and at the same time keeping on her quarter or bow, so as to be out of the direction of her cannon.

The galleys next in size to these, which are also called half-galleys, are from 120 to 130 feet long, 18 feet broad, and 9 or 10 feet deep. They have two masts, which may be struck at pleasure; and are furnished with two large lateen sails, and five pieces of cannon. They have commonly 25 banks of oars, as described above. A size still less than these are called quarter-galleys, carrying from 12 to 16 banks of oars. There are very few galleys now besides these in the Mediterranean, which are found by experience to be of little utility except in fine weather; a circumstance which renders their service extremely precarious. They generally keep close under the shore, but sometimes venture out to sea to perform a summer cruise.

GALLET Worm, in zoology. See Iulus.