(Dr Samuel), professor at Tubingen, and afterwards member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St Peterburgh, commenced his travels in June 1768; and having traversed the provinces of Moscow, Voronetz, New Russia, Azof, Casan, and Astracan, he visited, in 1770 and 1771, the different harbours of the Caspian, and examined with peculiar attention those parts of the Persian provinces which border upon that sea, of which he has given a circumstantial account in the three volumes of his travels already published. Actuated by a zeal for extending his observations, he attempted to pass through the western provinces of Persia, which are in a perpetual state of warfare, and infested by numerous banditti. Upon this expedition he quitted, in April 1771, Eiruzlee, a small trading place in Ghilan, upon the southern shore. shore of the Caspian; and, on account of many difficulties and dangers, did not, until Dec. 1, 1773, reach Sallian, a town situated upon the mouth of the river Koor. Thence he proceeded to Baku and Kuba, in the province of Shirvan, where he met with a friendly reception from Ali Feth Khan, the sovereign of that district. After he had been joined by 20 Uralian Cossacks, and when he was only four days' journey from the Russian fortress Kiflar, he and his companions were, on the 5th of February 1774, arrested by order of Ufmei Khan, a petty Tartar prince, through whose territories he was obliged to pass. Ufmei urged as a pretence for this arrest, that 30 years ago several families had escaped from his dominions, and had found an asylum in the Russian territories; adding, that Gmelin should not be released until these families were restored. The professor was removed from prison to prison; and at length, wearied out with continued persecutions, he expired, July 27th, at Achmet-Kent, a village of Mount Caucasus. His death was occasioned partly by vexation for the loss of several papers and collections, and partly by disorders contracted from the fatigues of his long journey. Some of his papers had been sent to Kiflar during his imprisonment, and the others were not without great difficulty rescued from the hands of the barbarian who had detained him in captivity. The arrangement of these papers, which will form a fourth volume of his travels, was at first consigned to the care of Guldenstaedt, but upon his death has been transferred to the learned Pallas.