a sovereign state of Europe, bounded on the north by Luxemburg and the archbishopric of Treves, on the east by Alsace and the duchy of Deux-Ponts. Lorraine, Ponts, on the south by Franche Comté, and on the west by Champagne and the duchy of Bar. It is about 100 miles in length, and 75 in breadth; and abounds in all sorts of corn, wine, hemp, flax, rape-seed, game, and fish, with which it carries on some trade, and in general all the necessaries of life. There are fine meadows and large forests, with mines of iron, silver, and copper, as also salt-pits. There are a great number of rivers; of which the principal are the Meuse or Moselle, the Moselle, the Seille, the Meur, and the Sarre. It is divided into three parts; the duchy of Lorraine, properly so called, which was heretofore a sovereign state; the duchy of Bar, which formerly belonged to the dukes of Lorraine, but afterwards came under the government of France; and the third comprehends the three bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun, which have belonged to France ever since the year 1552. In 1733, the emperor of Germany being at war with France, this last got possession of the duchy of Lorraine; and when there was a peace made in 1735, it was agreed, that Stanislaus king of Poland, father-in-law to the king of France, should possess these duchies, and that after his death they should be united forever to the crown of France. It was also then agreed, that Francis Stephen, duke of Lorraine, and the emperor's son-in-law, should have the grand duchy of Tuscany as an equivalent for Lorraine. After the death of the great duke of Tuscany, in 1737, King Stanislaus and the duke of Lorraine took possession of their respective dominions, and the cession was confirmed and guaranteed by a treaty in 1738. The inhabitants are laborious and valiant, and their religion is the Roman Catholic. They have but little trade with strangers, because they have no navigable rivers, and because they have all necessaries within themselves; but what little trade they have consists of corn and linen cloth. Nancy is the capital town.

Lorraine (Robert le), an eminent sculptor, born at Paris in 1666. From his infancy, he made so rapid a progress in the art of designing, that at the age of 18 the celebrated Girardon intrusted him with the care of teaching his children and correcting his disciples. He committed to him also, in conjunction with Noulisson, the execution of the famous tomb of Cardinal Richelieu in the Sorbonne, and his own tomb at St Landres in Paris. On his return from Rome, he finished several pieces at Marfeilles, which had been left imperfect by the death of Mr Puget. He was received into the academy of sculpture in 1701. His chief d'œuvre is Galatea, a work universally admired. Lorraine afterwards made a Bacchus for the gardens at Versailles, a Faun for those of Marly; and several bronzes, among which is an Andromeda; all in an excellent taste. This artist succeeded chiefly in heads; and more particularly in that of young girls, which he performed with incomparable delicacy and truth.

Lorraine (Claude.) See Claude.

Loten (John), a good landscape painter of the English school; though a native of Switzerland. His taste led him to solemn and dreary scenes, as landscapes accompanied with showers of rain, &c., and he seldom omitted to introduce oak-trees in his prospects; his landscapes are generally large; and he painted with nature, truth, and force. But the effect of his composition had been much greater if he had been less cold in his colouring: for the judicious eye is not pleased with the darkish tint that predominates in it. He died in London about 1681.