an Amorite, brother of Aner and Eschol, and friend of Abraham (Gen. xiv. 13.). It was with these three persons, together with his own and their domestics, that Abraham pursued and overcame the kings after their conquest of Sodom and Gomorrah. This Mamre, who dwelt near Hebron, communicated his name to great part of the country round about. Hence we read (ch. xiii. 18. xxiii. 17. &c.), that Abraham dwelt in Mamre and in the plain of Mamre. But it is observed, that what we translate the plain should be rendered the oak of Mamre, because the word

(α) In the early editions of Linnæus, the Troglodytes was added as another species; but is now more properly ranked under the genus Simia. See SIMIA.

(β) Homines Ferti; described as walking on all-fours, as being dumb, and as covered with hair.—1. A youth found in Lithuania, in 1761, resembling a bear. 2. A youth found in Hesse, in 1544, resembling a wolf. 3. A youth in Ireland resembling a sheep, (Tulp. Obs. iv. 9.) 4. A youth in Bamberg resembling an ox, (Camariarius.) 5. A wild youth found in 1724 in Hanover. 6. Wild boys found in 1719 in the Pyrenees. 7. A wild girl found in 1717 in Overfjeld. 8. A wild girl found in 1731 in Champagne. Translation of the Animal Kingdom of Linnæus, p. 44. note. temperament, and relaxed fibre."—The hair is black and frizly; the skin soft and silky; the nose flat; the lips are thick; and the female has a natural apron, and long lax breasts.—They are of crafty, indolent, and careless dispositions, and governed in their actions by caprice.—Anoint the skin with grease.

Monsters. Of these there are several varieties; the first and second of which, in the following list, are occasioned by peculiarity of climate, while the rest are produced by artificial management. 1. Alpini: The inhabitants of the northern mountains: they are small in stature, active and timid in their dispositions. 2. Patagonici: The Patagonians of South America; of vast size, and indolent in their manners. 3. Monarchides: The Hottentots; having one tettle extirpated. 4. Imberbes: Most of the American nations; who eradicate their beards and the hair from every part of the body except the scalp. 5. Macrocephali: The Chinese; who have their heads artificially forced into a conical form. 6. Plagiocephaloi: The Canadian Indians; who have the fore part of their heads flattened, when young, by compression.

The following arrangement of the varieties in the human species, is offered by Dr Gmelin as more convenient than that of Linnaeus.

a. White: (Hom. Albus.) Formed by the rules of symmetrical elegance and beauty; or at least what we consider as such.—This division includes almost all the inhabitants of Europe; those of Asia on this side of the Oby, the Caspian, Mount Imaus, and the Ganges; likewise the natives of the north of Africa, of Greenland, and the Esquimaux.

b. Brown: (Hom. Budina.) Of a yellowish brown colour; has scanty hairs, flat features, and small eyes.—This variety takes in the whole inhabitants of Asia not included in the preceding division.

c. Black: (Hom. Niger.) Of black complexion; has frizly hair, a flat nose, and thick lips.—The whole inhabitants of Africa, excepting those of its more northern parts.

d. Copper-coloured: (Hom. Cupreus.) The complexion of the skin resembles the colour of copper not burnished.—The whole inhabitants of America, except the Greenlanders and Esquimaux.

e. Tawny: (Hom. Fuscus.) Chiefly of a dark blackish-brown colour; having a broad nose, and harsh coarse straight hair.—The inhabitants of the southern islands, and of most of the Indian islands.

The following is Linnæus's description of Man, as translated by Mr Kerr.

"The Body, which seldom reaches six feet in Zoological height, is erect, and almost naked, having only some scattered distant hairs, except in some small spots to be afterwards noticed, and when first born is entirely naked. The Head is shaped like an egg; the scalp being long, and covered with hair; the forehead broad; the top of the head flat; and the hind-head protuberant. The Face is naked, having the brow or forehead flattened and quadrangular; the temples are compressed, with peaked angles pointing upwards and backwards towards the hairy scalp. The eye-brows are prominent, and covered with hairs which, shedding outwards, cover each other like tiles; and between the inner extremities of the two eye-brows, there is a smooth, shallow furrow or depression, in a line with the nose. The upper eye-lid is moveable, but the lower one hardly moves, and both are planted at their edges with a row of stiff recurved hairs, named eyelashes. The eye-balls are round, having no suspending muscle as in those of most quadrupeds; the pupil, or opening of the sight, is circular; and the eye has no membrana nictitans. The upper parts of the cheeks are prominent, softish, and coloured with a red blush; their outer parts flattened; the lower parts are hollowed, lax, and expandible. The nose is prominent, and compressed at the sides; its extremity or point is higher than the rest, and blunt; the nostrils are oval, open downwards, with thickened edges, and are hairy on their insides. The upper lip is almost perpendicular, and is furrowed on the middle, from the division between the nostrils to the edge of the lip; the under lip is erect, thicker and more prominent than that above; both have a smooth red protuberance, surrounding the mouth at their edges. The chin is prominent, blunt, and gibbous. In males, the face all round the mouth is covered with hair, called the beard, which first appears about puberty, in patches on the chin. The teeth in both jaws may be distinguished into three orders; the fore teeth are erect, parallel, and wedge-like, of the kind named incisors, or cutting teeth; they stand close to each other, and are more equal and rounder than in other animals; the tusks, called in man eye-teeth and corner-teeth, of which there is only one on each side of the fore-teeth in each jaw, are a little longer than the fore-teeth, but much less so than in other animals, and they are placed close to the other teeth; the grinders, of which there are five on each side in both jaws, are blunt, and divided on their upper surface into pointed eminences; but these are not so remarkable as in other animals. The ears are placed on the sides of the head, are of an oblong rounded figure, with a semilunar bend on their anterior edges; they lie flat to the head, are naked, arched at the margin on their upper and posterior edges, and are thicker and soft at the under extremities.

"The Trunk of the body consists of the neck, breast, back, and belly. The Neck is roundish, and shorter than the head; its vertebrae, or chine bones, are not, as in most animals, connected by a suspensory ligament; the nape is hollowed; the throat, immediately below the chin, is hollowed at its upper part, and protuberant in the middle a little lower down. The Breast is somewhat flattened both before and behind; on the fore-part there is a cavity or depression where it joins with the neck; the arm-pits are hollow and hairy; the pit of the stomach is flat. On the breast are two distal, round, protuberant mammas, or dugs, each having a cylindrical obtuse wrinkly projecting nipple, which is surrounded by a darker coloured circle called the areola. The Back is flat, having protuberances on each side at the shoulder-blades, with a furrow or depression between them. The Abdomen or belly is large and protuberant, with a hollow at the navel; the epigastric region, or situation of the stomach, is flat; the hypogastric regions, or sides of the belly, are protuberant; the groins flattish and hollowed. The pubes is hairy; the pelvis, or basin, is wider above, and grows narrower below. The male parts are external and loose; the penis cylindrical; the scrotum...