(John Baptist), doctor of medicine, first professor of anatomy in the university of Padua, and member of several of the most eminent societies of learned men in Europe, was born in the year 1632, at Forli, a town in the district of La Romagna in Italy. His parents, who were in easy circumstances, allowed him to follow that course in life his genius dictated. He began his studies at the place of his nativity; but soon after removed to Bologna, where he obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine, when he had but just reached the 16th year of his age. Here his peculiar taste for anatomy found an able preceptor in Valvalva, who bestowed on him the utmost attention; and such was the progress he made under this excellent master, that at the age of 20 he himself taught anatomy with high reputation. Soon, however, the fame of his predictions, and the number of his pupils, excited the jealousy of the public professors, and gave rise to vindictive persecutions. But his abilities and prudence gained him a complete triumph over his enemies; and all opposition to him was finally terminated from his being appointed by the senate of Bologna to fill a medical chair, which soon became vacant. But the duties of this office, although important, neither occupied Morgagni pied the whole of his time, nor satisfied his anxious desire to afford instruction. He still continued to labour in secret on his favourite subject, and soon after communicated the fruits of these labours to the public in his *Adversaria Anatomica*, the first of which was published in the year 1706, the second and third in 1717, and the three others in 1719. The publication of this excellent work spread the fame of Morgagni far beyond the limits of the state of Bologna. Such was his reputation, that the wise republic of Venice had no hesitation in making him an offer of the second chair of the theory of medicine in the university of Padua, then vacant by the death of M. Molinetti; and, to ensure his acceptance, they doubled the emoluments of that appointment. While he was in this department, he published his treatise, entitled *Nova institutionum medicarum idea*, which first appeared at Padua in the year 1712. From this work his former reputation suffered no diminution. And soon after he rose, by different steps, to be first professor of anatomy in that celebrated university. Although Morgagni was thus finally settled at Padua, yet he gave evident proofs of his gratitude and attachment to Bologna, which he considered as his native country with respect to the sciences. He exerted his utmost efforts in establishing the academy of Bologna, of which he was one of the first associates; and he enriched their publications with several valuable and curious papers. Soon after this, the royal societies of London and Paris received him among their number. Not long after the publication of his *Adversaria Anatomica*, he began, much upon the same plan, his *Epistolae Anatomicae*, the first of which is dated at Padua in the beginning of April 1726. The works of Morgagni which have already been mentioned, are to be considered, in a great measure, as strictly anatomical; but he was not more eminent as an anatomist, than as a learned and successful physician. In the year 1760, when he was not far distant from the 80th year of his age, he published his large and valuable work *De causis et jedibus morborum per anatomen indagatis*. This last and most important of all his productions will afford convincing evidence of his industry and abilities to late posterity. Besides these works, he published, at different periods of his life, several miscellaneous pieces, which were afterwards collected into one volume, and printed under his own eye at Padua, in the year 1765. It does not appear that he had in view any future publications; but he intended to have favoured the world with a complete edition of all his works, which would probably have been augmented with many new observations. In this he was engaged when, on the 5th of December 1771, after he had nearly arrived at the 90th year of his age, death put a period to his long and glorious career in the learned world.

*MORGANA*, or *MORGAGNA*, *Fata*. See *FATA*.

*MORGES*, a handsome and rich town of Switzerland, in the canton of Bern, and capital of a bailiwick, with a castle where the bailiff resides. It is a place of some trade on account of a canal, from which they transport merchandizes from the lake of Geneva to other parts. There is a fine prospect from it, and it is seated on the lake of Geneva, five miles from Lausanne. E. Long. 6.42. N. Lat. 46.29.

*MORGO*, anciently *Amorgos*, an island in the Archipelago, fertile in wine, oil, and corn. It is well cultivated, and the inhabitants are affable, and generally of the Greek church. The best parts belong to a monastery. The greatest inconvenience in this island is the want of wood. It is 30 miles in circumference. E. Long. 26.15. N. Lat. 36.30.

*MORHANGE*, a town of Germany, in Lorraine, whose lord has the title of Rhinegrave, and depends on the empire. It is 24 miles north-east of Nancy, and 200 east of Paris. E. Long. 6.42. N. Lat. 48.51.

*MORHOFF* (Daniel George), a very learned German, born at Wismar in the duchy of Mecklenburgh, in 1639. The duke of Holstein, when he founded an university at Kiel, made him professor of eloquence and poetry there in 1665; to which was afterwards added the professorship of history, and in 1680 the office of librarian to the university. He was the author of many works of a small kind; as orations, dissertations, theses, and poems; but his chief work was his *Polyhistor, sive de notitia auctorum et rerum commentarii*; first published at Lubec in 1688; which has been greatly enlarged since his death in 1691, and gone through several successive editions.

*MORIAH*, one of the eminences of Jerusalem; on which Abraham went to offer his son, and David wanted to build the temple, which was afterwards executed by Solomon: The threshing-floor of Araunah; originally narrow, so as scarce to contain the temple, but enlarged by means of ramparts; and surrounded with a triple wall, so as to add great strength to the temple, (Josephus). It may be considered as a part of Mount Sion, to which it was joined by a bridge and gallery, (Id.)

*MORILLES*, a kind of mushroom, about the bigness of a walnut, pierced with holes like a honeycomb, and said to be good for creating an appetite. They are also accounted restorative, and frequently used in sauces and ragouts.

*MORILLOS* (Bartholomew), of Seville in Spain, was born A.D. 1613. After having cultivated painting with success in his own country, he travelled into Italy, where he was greatly admired for a manner peculiar to himself, and capable of producing a wonderful effect. The Italians, astonished at the excellence of his genius and the freshness of his colouring, did not hesitate to compare him to the celebrated Paul Veronese. On his return to Spain, Charles II. brought him to court, with the intention of making him his first painter; but Morillos declined the offer, pretending, as an excuse, that his age would not permit him to accept of an employment of such importance. His extreme modesty, however, was the sole cause of his refusal. He died in 1683, aged 72 years.

*MORIN* (John Baptist), physician and regius professor of mathematics at Paris, was born at Villefranche in Beaufois, in 1683. After commencing doctor at Avignon, he went to Paris, and lived with Claude Domini bishop of Boulogne, who sent him to examine the mines of Hungary; and thereby gave occasion to his *Mundus sublunaris anatomia*, which was his first production, and published in 1619. Upon his return to his patron the bishop, he contracted an attachment to judicial... judicial astrology, concerning which he furnished the world with many ridiculous stories, and wrote a great number of books not worth enumerating. He died in 1666, before he had finished the favourite labour of his life, which was his *Astrologia Gallica*. Louisa Maria de Gonzaga queen of Poland gave 2000 crowns to carry on the edition, at the recommendation of one of her secretaries, who was a lover of astrology; and it appeared at the Hague in 1661, in one vol. folio, with two dedications, one to Jesus Christ, and another to the queen of Poland.

Morin (John), a very learned Frenchman, born at Blois, of Protestant parents, in 1591; but converted by cardinal du Perron to the catholic religion. He published, in 1626, some Exercitations upon the original of Patriarchs and Primates, and the ancient usage of ecclesiastical censures; dedicated to pope Urban VIII. In 1629 he undertook the edition of the Septuagint Bible, with Nobilis's version; and placed a preface before it, in which he treats of the authority of the Septuagint, and prefers the version in the edition made at Rome by order of Sixtus V., to the present Hebrew text, which he affirms has been corrupted by the Jews. About the same time he gave a French History of the deliverance of the church by the emperor Constantine, and of the temporal greatness conferred on the Roman church by the kings of France. He afterwards published Exercitations upon the Samaritan Pentateuch; and took the care of the Samaritan Pentateuch, for the Polyglot then preparing at Paris. He was greatly cared for at Rome; where, after living nine years at the invitation of cardinal Barberini, he was recalled by Cardinal Richelieu, and died at Paris in 1659. His works are very numerous; and some of them as much valued by Protestants as Papists for the oriental learning they contain.

Morin (Simon), a celebrated fanatic of the 17th century, was born at Richemont, near Aumale, and had been clerk to Mr Charron, general paymaster of the army. He was very ignorant and illiterate; and therefore it is no wonder if, meddling in spiritual matters, he fell into great errors. He was not content with broaching his whimsies in conversation, but wrote them down in a book, which he caused to be privately printed in 1647, under the title of *Pensées de Morin dédiées au Roi*. This book is a medley of conceit and ignorance, and contains the most remarkable errors which were afterwards condemned in the Quakers: only that Morin carries them to a greater length than any one else had done; for he affirms, "that the most enormous sins do not remove a sinner from the state of grace, but serve on the contrary to humble the pride of man." He says, "that in all sects and nations God has a number of the elect, true members of the church; that there would soon be a general reformation, all nations being just about to be converted to the true faith; and that this great reformation was to be effected by the second coming of Jesus Christ, and Morin incorporated with him."

He was in prison at Paris, at the time when Gaffendi's friends were writing against the astrologer John Baptist Morin, whom they upbraided (but, as he replied, falsely) with being the brother of this fanatic. This was about 1650; after which Simon Morin was fet at liberty as a visionary; and suffered to continue so till 1661, when Des Mares de St Solin, who, though a fanatic and visionary himself, had conceived a violent aversion to him, discovered his whole scheme, and had him taken up. The means Des Mares made use of for this discovery was by pretending to be one of his disciples; and he carried his treachery and disimulation so far, as to acknowledge him for "the Son of man risen again." This acknowledgement pleased Morin, that he conferred upon him, as a particular grace, the office of being his harbinger, calling him a real John the Baptist revived. Then Des Mares impeached him, and became his accuser; upon which Morin was brought to a trial, and condemned to be burnt alive. This sentence was executed on him at Paris, March 14th, 1663, in the form and manner following: After having made the amende honorable in his shirt, with a cord about his neck and a torch in his hand, before the principal gate of the church of Notre Dame, he was carried to the place of execution, and there tied to a stake to be burnt alive, together with his book intitled *Pensées de Morin*, as also all his papers and his trial. Afterwards his ashes were thrown into the air, as a punishment for his having assumed the title of the Son of God. His accomplices, too, were condemned to assist at his execution, and then to serve in the galleys for life, after having been whipped by the hangman, and marked with a burning iron with fleurs de lis upon the right and left shoulders. Morin gave out that he would rise again the third day; which made many of the mob gather together at the place where he was burnt.

It is said, that when the president de Lamoignon asked him, whether it was written in any part of Scripture, that the great prophet or new Messiah should pass through the fire? he cited this text by way of answer: *Ignem examinantis, et non est inventa in me iniqüitas*; that is, "Thou hast tried me with fire, and no wickedness hath been found in me." Morin died with remarkable resolution; and it was then thought the judges had been too rigorous in their sentence, and that sending him to a mad-house would have been sufficient. They replied in defence of themselves, that Morin had owned many impious tenets; and that not in sudden starts and fits of heat, but in cool blood, and with deliberate obduracy. But then a question will arise, whether a fool, any more than a madman, ought to be capitally punished for any opinion or degree of stubbornness?

Morin (Peter), was born at Paris, A.D. 1531; he went into Italy, and was employed by the learned Paulus Manucius in his printing-house at Venice. He afterwards taught Greek and cosmography at Vicenza, whence he was called to Ferrara by the duke of that name. St Charles Borromeus, informed of his profound knowledge in ecclesiastical antiquities, of his disinterestedness, of his zeal and piety, offered him his friendship, and engaged him to go to Rome in 1575. The popes Gregory XIII. and Sixtus V. employed him in an edition of the Septuagint, 1587, and in one of the Vulgate, 1592, in folio. He also spent much of his time on an edition of the Bible translated from the Septuagint, and published at Rome, 1588, in folio; on an edition of the Decretals to the time the time of Gregory VII. published at Rome, 1591; and on a Collection of General Councils, likewise published at Rome, 1608, 4 vols. This learned critic died at Rome, 1608, aged 77. His character was open, simple, sincere, gentle, and honest: his temper was equal and agreeable. He was an enemy to artifice and cunning; he despised riches and honours; and he seemed to have a passion for nothing but study.—He spoke Italian with as much ease and propriety as the most intelligent native. He left behind him Un Traité du bon usage des Sciences, and some other writings, published by Father Quetif, a Dominican friar, in 1675. His works display great research and excellent principles; and the author appears to have been well acquainted with the belles lettres and the languages. His edition of the Septuagint, printed at Rome, 1687, in folio, is now very scarce.

Morin (Stephen), minister of the Protestant reformed religion at Caen, the place of his birth, was admitted a member of the Academy of Belles Lettres in that city, notwithstanding an express law which excluded Protestants. His great learning gained him this mark of distinction. After the revocation of the edict of Nantes, he retired to Leyden in 1685, and from that to Amsterdam, where he was appointed professor of Oriental languages. He died in 1700, at the age of 75, after being long subject to infirmities both of body and mind. He published eight dissertations in Latin relating to subjects of antiquity, which are extremely curious. The Dordrecht edition of 1700, 8vo, is the best, and preferable to that published at Geneva in 1683, 4to. He wrote likewise the life of Samuel Bochart.

Morin (Henry), son to the preceding, was born at Saint-Pierre-Sur-Dive, in Normandy, and became a Roman Catholic after he had been a Protestant minister. He is the author of several dissertations which are to be found in the Memoirs of the Academy of Inscriptions, of which he was a member. He died at Caen, on the 16th of July 1728, aged 60, as much esteemed as his father.

Morin (Lewis), was born at Mans in 1635. He went on foot to Paris to study philosophy, and collected herbs during the whole journey. He afterwards studied physic, and lived in the manner of an anchorite, bread and water, or at most but a few fruits, being his whole subsistence. Paris was to him a hermitage; with this exception, that it furnished him with books, and with the conversation and acquaintance of the learned. He received the degree of doctor of medicine in 1662; and, after several years practice, he was expectant at the Hotel-Dieu. His reputation made Mademoiselle de Guise choose him for her first physician, and the Academy of Sciences for one of its members. He died A.D. 1715, aged 80. A long and vigorous life, with a gentle and easy death, were the rewards of his temperance. The exercises of religion and the duties of his station occupied his whole time. No part of it was spent in paying or receiving visits. "Those who come to see me (said he) do me honour; those who do not come, lay me under an obligation." "It was only an Anthony (said Fontenelle) who could visit this Paul." He left a library valued at 20,000 crowns, an herbal, together with a cabinet of medals; and this seems to have been his whole fortune. His mental enjoyments had been much more expensive than those of the body. An index to Hippocrates, in Greek and Latin, much more copious and better finished than that of Pinus, was found among his papers.

Morin (John), was born at Meung near Orleans in 1705, and in 1732 he was appointed professor of philosophy at Chartres. In 1750 the bishop of Chartres rewarded his long and assiduous attention to classical learning by a canonry in the cathedral. At the age of 38, Morin published his Mécanisme Universel, one volume 12mo, which contains a great deal of information, but much more conjecture. His next work was a Treatise on Electricity, published in 1748. His third and last performance was an answer to the Abbé Nollet, who had attacked his opinions concerning electricity. His reputation was not limited to the province in which he lived: he was well known to the academies of sciences at Paris and Rouen, with whom he frequently corresponded. He continued his application to the sciences, and displayed the virtues of the priest and the philosopher to the last hour of his life. This valuable man died at Chartres, on the 28th of March 1764, at the age of 59.