upon Trent, in the county of Nottingham, is a great thoroughfare in the York-road, 124 miles from London. It has bridges over the Trent, which forms an island here, by dividing itself into two streams two miles above the town, which meet again two miles below it. A magnificent castle was built here in the reign of King Stephen, which held out stoutly in the barons wars for King John, who died here, October 19th 1216; and it also stood out for King Charles I. to the last; but after he had put himself into the hands of the Scots army then before it, the governor by his order surrendered it, after which it was demolished.—It was situated near the river; the walls of the towers are very thick, and of a very great height; and were there no historical testimony, these remains are sufficient evidence that it was formerly of great importance. In the court before these ruins is a very fine bowling-green, and near it a manufactory of facing. The town being subject to inundations from the river Trent, and often from that circumstance made impassable, a turnpike-road, at the instigation of a publican, was made about 20 years ago, so high as to be passed with safety in the greatest floods, by arches of brick being made in several places to carry off the water, constructed by Mr Smeaton, at the expense of £12,000. Near the town there is a bridge constructed for the same purpose, made mostly upon dry land, consisting of nine arches. It has a neat though small new street, and a market-place that is handsome, though not very spacious. Its church, which is reckoned one of the finest in the kingdom, was built by Henry VI. and has a lofty spire. It was incorporated by king Charles II. with a mayor and 12 aldermen.—The same king, in gratitude to the town for its loyalty to his father, gave it the privilege of sending members to parliament. It has a good trade in corn, cattle, wool, &c. and has a charity-school for 36 boys. Its market is on Wednesday, fairs on the Friday before Passion-Sunday, May 14th, Whit-Tuesday, August 12th, Nov. 11th, and Monday before December 11th. Here was an abbey of Augustinian friars. A free-school was founded here, endowed with the lordship of Everton in this county; and the vicar of Newark, and the brethren of the Trinity-guild for the time being, who were then the chief governors of this town, were made perpetual trustees for this foundation. Many Roman urns and other antiquities have been found about this town, from whence it has been supposed that they had some town in the neighbourhood.