a town in the county of Berks in England, 16 miles from Reading, and 56 from London, arose on the decay of Spinham-Land. Notwithstanding its name signifies New-Borough, it is as old almost as the Conquest. It made so much broad-cloth formerly, that in the reign of Henry VIII. here flourished John Wincomb, commonly called Jack of Newbury, one of the greatest clothiers that ever was in England, who kept 100 looms in his house; and in the expedition to Flowden-field against the Scots, marched with 100 of his own men, all armed and clothed at his own expense; and he built all the west part of the church. Also Mr Kenric, the son of a clothier here, though afterwards a merchant in London, left L.4000 to the town, as well as L.7500 to Reading, to encourage the woollen manufactory. It makes a great quantity of hallows and druggets, but not near so much broad cloth now as formerly; yet it is a flourishing town, with spacious streets, and a large market-place, in which is the guild-hall. The church is a good one, of stone, supposed to have been built about 1640. It has seven sets of alms-houses. In the neighbourhood, on the banks of the Kennet, there is a stratum of petrified wood dug out for firing, when they frequently find trunks of large oaks yet undecayed, with petrified hazel nuts, fir-cones, &c. with the bones and horns of stags, antelopes, &c. tusks of boars, and heads of beavers. The river Kennet, which abounds with excellent trout, eels, and cray-fish, runs through the town; and here is plenty of all other provisions. It was made a corporation by Queen Elizabeth, and is governed by a mayor, high-steward, aldermen, &c. It sends a great quantity of malt to London, has good inns, and has a charity-school for 40 boys. Its market, which is well supplied with corn, is on Thursdays; and fairs on Holy-Thursday, July 5th, Aug. 24th, and Oct. 28th.

NEWCASTLE-Under-Line, a town in England, in the county of Stafford, on a branch of the Trent, is 15 miles north of Stafford, 33 south south-east of Warrington, and 149 from London; had a castle, now in ruins; and is so called from an older castle, which formerly stood two miles off, at Chesterton under Line. It was incorporated by King Henry I. and again by Queen Elizabeth and King Charles II. and is governed by a mayor, two justices, two bailiffs, and 24 common-council. The clothing-trade flourishes here; but its chief manufactory is hats, here being an incorporated company of felt-makers. The streets are broad and well paved, but most of the buildings low and thatched. The market is on Mondays; fairs on Easter-Monday, Whit-Monday, July 6th, first Monday in September, and November 6th, for cattle. It has also a great beast-market every other Monday. The corporation has a court, which holds pleas for actions under L.40. Its castle, of which Newcastle, there is little to be now seen, was built in the reign of Henry III. It had four churches formerly, which are now reduced to one, the town having suffered much in the barons wars. There are frequent horse-races in the neighbourhood, though it is in a manner surrounded with coal-pits; particularly one at Hamley-Green. It is softer than the cannel-coal, and is cut out in slices; but confines so fast, that it is only fit for forges. There is the greatest quantity of stone-ware made near this place of any part of England; so that, one year with another, they are said to export 20,000l. worth of it.