in botany. See Olea.

Olive Press. In order to obtain the olive oil, the olives are first bruised in a rough trough, under a millstone, rolling perpendicularly over them; and when sufficiently mashed, put into the maye, or trough, m, of an olive-press, where aa are the upright beams, or cheeks; b, the female, and c, the male screw; f, the board on which the screw presses; g, a cubical piece of wood, called a block; h, the peel, a circular board, to be put under the block. By turning the screw, all the liquor is pressed out of the mashed olives, and is called virgin-oil; after which, hot water being poured upon the remainder in the press, a coarser oil is obtained. Olive-oil keeps only about a year, after which it degenerates.

Olive Colour, a yellow mingled with black.

Olive (Peter John), was born in France, and died in 1297, in the fifteenth year of his age. In his youth he wrote a book in praise of the Virgin Mary, which was condemned during the pontificate of Nicholas II., as containing some things too extravagant. He afterwards was frequently accused by the brothers of his order, whose resentment he had drawn upon himself by his severe reproaches of their luxury, and his endeavours to recall them to the poverty and rigour of their first institution. After his death his body was dug up, he was condemned as a heretic, and his writings were burnt, and remained prohibited till the time of Sixtus IV., who having ordered them to be examined, declared they contained nothing expressly contrary to the Catholic faith. The propositions condemned by John are mentioned by Emmericus, in his Directory of the Inquisition, under twenty-two heads. The chief of them are, "That the Pope was the mythical antichrist; that St Francis was the angel in the Revelations said to have the mark of the living God, and that his rule was the true gospel; that the perfect state of the church began with St Francis; and that Christ and his apostles had no property either in common or in particular, but only the usu-fruct of what they enjoyed."

Oliver (Isaac), an excellent English painter, born in 1556, eminent both for history and portraits. Several fine miniatures of this master are to be seen in the collections of our nobility and gentry; some of them portraits of himself. As he was a very good designer, his drawings are finished to an extraordinary degree of perfection; many being copies after Parmigianino, Rubens and Vandyck painted James I., after a miniature of Oliver's, which is a sufficient testimony of his merit. He died in 1617.

Oliver (Peter), the son and disciple of Isaac Oliver, was born in 1601. He arrived at a degree of perfection in miniature portraits confessedly superior to his father, or any of his contemporaries, as he did not confine his subjects to a head only. In the collections of Charles I. and James II. there were 13 historical subjects painted by this Oliver; of which seven are still preferred.