in fortification, stakes made of strong split wood, about nine feet long, six or seven inches square, three feet deep in the ground, in rows about two and an half or three inches asunder, placed in the covert way, at three feet from, and parallel to, the parapet or side of the glacis, to secure it from surprize. They are also used to fortify the avenues of open forts, gorges, halts, moons, the bottoms of ditches, and in general all posts liable to surprize. They are usually fixed perpendicularly, though some make an angle inclining towards the ground next the enemy, that the ropes cast over them to tear them up may slip off.

Turning Palisades; an invention of Mr Coehorn, in order to preserve the palisades of the covert way from the besiegers shot. They are so ordered, that as many of them as stand in the length of a rod, or about ten feet, turn up and down like traps, so as not to be in sight of the enemy till they just bring on their attack; and yet are always ready to do the proper service of palisades.