the same with PHRENSY; an inflammation of the meninges of the brain, attended with an acute fever and delirium. See MEDICINE, no. 176; also an account of a strange degree of phrenzy which attacked Charles VI. of France in the article FRANCE, no. 88, &c.

PHRYGANEA is a genus of insects, of which Barbut gives the following characters. "The mouth is without teeth, but furnished with four palpi; the stemmata are three in number; the antennae are filiform, and longer than the thorax. The wings are incumbent; the under ones are folded."

The same author informs us, that the genus is divided into two sections: the first of which is characterized, by having two truncated feet at the extremity of the abdomen, resembling the beard of an ear of corn; while the second has the abdomen simple, or without appendices. The tarsi of the feet of the first family consist of three articulations; those of the second are composed of five. The wings of this section decline from the inner margin towards the sides, so as to resemble the ridge of a house, and are curved, or turn upwards at their extremity. "This insect (says Mr. Barbut), before it becomes an inhabitant of the air, has lived under-water, lodged in a kind of tube or sheath, the inward texture of which is silk; outwardly covered with sand, straws, bits of wood, shells, &c. When the hexapod worm is about to change to a chrysalis, he stops up the opening of his tube with threads of a loose texture, through which the water makes its way, but prevents the approach of voracious insects. The chrysalis is covered with a thin gauze, through which the new form of the insect is easily discerned. The phryganea, on the point of changing its element, rises to the surface of the water, leaves its tube, rises into the air, and enjoys the sweets of the country, flutters upon flowers and trees, but is soon called away to the water-side to deposit its eggs; whence proceeds its posterity. These aquatic larvae are often found in stagnating waters, where they wrap themselves up in the water-lentil, cut out into regular squares, and fitted one to another. Trout are very greedy of these larvae; which is the reason, that in some countries, after stripping them of their coats, they make use of them for fishing-baits."

There are a variety of different species of the phryganea; but except the phryganea bicauda and striata, they do not materially differ from one another, except in size and colour. The bicauda is of a deep dark-brown colour; having a single yellow longitudinal band running across the head and thorax. The legs are of a brown colour, as are the antennae; which are also long and filiform. Two brown threads, almost as long as the antennæ, terminate the abdomen. The wings, which are about a third longer than the body, are veined with brown fibres, are narrow at the top, broad below, and are as it were stuck upon the body; which they infold, crossing one over the other. This insect, which is met with on the banks of rivers and standing-waters, carries its eggs in a cluster at its abdomen, like some spiders.

The striata is a large species, of a dun colour, except the eyes, which are black, and has a considerable resemblance to the phalena in the carriage of its wings. The antennæ are as long as the body, and are borne straight forward. The wings are a third larger than the body, having veins of a colour rather deeper than the rest. The feet are large, long, and somewhat finny. Mr Yeats tells us, that the perle of Geoffroy, and phryganæ of Linnæus, do not differ generically. It appears, however, from Yeats's experiments, that the phryganæ remain longer in the chrysalis than the perle.

The lesser phryganæ very much resemble the tinea; but, upon examining them with a glass, the former will be found to be covered with small hairs instead of the scales which adorn the wings of the latter.