a palatinate in the duchy of Lithuania, bounded on the north by the palatinate of Weytepski, on the south by the Dvina, on the north by Mulcovy, and on the west by Livonia. It is a desert country full of wood, and had formerly its own dukes.

town of Lithuania, and capital of a palatinate of the same name, with two castles to defend it. It was taken by the Muscovites in 1563, and retaken the same year. It is seated on the river Dvina, 55 miles south-west of Weytepski, and 80 east of Braflaw.

E. Long. 20°. N. Lat. 56°. 4'.