one of the colours called simple or primary: being one of the shades into which the light naturally divides itself when refracted through a prism. See Chromatics.

in dyeing, see that article.—Some reckon six kinds or casts of red, viz. scarlet-red, crimson-red, madder-red, half-grain red, lively orange-red, and scarlet of cochineal: but it is easy to see that there can be but one proper species of red; namely, the reflection of the light exactly in such a manner as it is refracted by the prism; all other shades being adulterations of that pure colour, with yellow, brown, &c.

in heraldry. See Gules.

RED-Bird. See Muscicapla, no 7.

RED-Breast, in ornithology. See Motacilla.

RED-Book of the exchequer, an ancient record or manuscript volume, in the keeping of the king's remembrancer, containing divers miscellaneous treatises relating to the times before the conquest.

RED-Lead. See Chemistry, no 1213.

RED Precipitate of Mercury. See Chemistry, no 764.

RED-Russia, or Little Russia, a province of Poland, bounded on the west by Upper Poland, on the north by Lithuania, on the east by the country of the Little Tartars, and on the south by Moldavia, Transylvania, and a part of Hungary. It comprehends Russia properly so called, Volhynia, and Podolia. It is about 650 miles in length, and from 150 to 250 in breadth. It consists chiefly of large fields, but little cultivated on account of the frequent inroads of the Tartars, and because there is no water-carriage. It had the name of Red Russia, from the colour of the hair of its inhabitants. Russia, properly so called, comprehends the three palatinates of Leopol or Lemberg, Belkico, and Chelm.