re formed with the chief, of several matters, as stone, marble, plaster, &c. They are also cast of various kinds of metal, particularly gold, silver, brass, and lead. For the method of casting statues, see the article FOUNDERY of Statues.

Statues are usually distinguished into four general kinds. The first are those less than the life; of which kind we have several statues of great men, of kings, and of gods themselves. The second are those equal to the life; in which manner it was that the ancients, at the public expense, used to make statues of persons eminent for virtue, learning, or the services they had done. The third are those that exceed the life; among which those that surpassed the life once and a half were for kings and emperors; and those double the life, for heroes. The fourth kind were those that exceeded the life twice, thrice, and even more, and were called colossi. See COLOSSUS.

Every statue resembling the person whom it is intended to represent, is called statua iconica. Statues acquire various other denominations. Thus, allegorical statue is that which, under a human figure, or other symbol, represents something of another kind; as a part of the earth, a season, age, element, temperament, hour, &c.

2. Curule statues, are those which are represented in chariots drawn by bigae or quadrigae, that is, by two or four horses; of which kind there were several in the circuses, hippodromes, &c. or in cars, as we see some, with triumphal arches on antique medals. 3. Equestrian statue, that which represents some illustrious person on horseback, as that famous one of Marcus Aurelius at Rome; that of king Charles I. at Charing-cross; King George II. in Leicester-Square, &c. 4. Greek statue, denotes a figure that is naked and antique; it being in this manner the Greeks represented their deities, athletes of the Olympic games, and heroes; the statues of heroes were particularly called Achilian statues, by reason of the great number of figures of Achilles in most of the cities of Greece. 5. Hydraulic statue, is any figure placed as an ornament of a fountain or grotto, or that does the office of a jet d'eau, a cock, spout, or the like, by any of its parts, or by any attribute it holds: the like is to be understood of any animal serving for the same use. 6. Pedestrian statue, a statue standing on foot; as that of king Charles II. in the Royal Exchange, and of king James II. in the Privy-Gardens. 7. Roman statue, is an appellation given to such as are clothed, and which receive various names from their various dresses. Those of emperors, with long gowns over their armour, were called statua paludata; those of captains and cavaliers, with coats of arms, thoracata; those of soldiers with cuirasses, loricae; those of senators and augurs, trabeata; those of magistrates with long robes, togata; those of the people with a plain tunic, tunicata; and, lastly, those of women with long trains, foliata.

In repairing a statue cast in a mould, they touch it up with a chisel, graver, or other instrument, to finish the places which have not come well off: they also clear off the barb, and what is redundant in the joints and projections.