(Ulricus), an able and zealous reformer, who laid the foundation of a separation from Rome in Switzerland, at the same time that Luther did the like in Saxony, was born at Wildehaufen in 1487. While he officiated as preacher at Zurich, a Franciscan sent by Leo X. came to publish indulgences there; against which Zuingleius, after the example of Luther, declaimed powerfully. In the course of this opposition he started a new doctrine, which he called Evangelical Truth; and from the beginning of 1519 to 1523, he preached not only against indulgences, but against other articles of the Romish church. But though Zuingleius made no less progress than Luther, he yet conducted himself with more moderation and prudence; and wishing to have the concurrence of the civil powers, procured two assemblies to be called at Zurich: by the first, he was authorised to proceed as he had begun; and by the second, the outward worship and ceremonies of the church of Rome were abolished. During these transactions, Zuingleius published several books in defence of his doctrines; but treating of the eucharist, and preferring a form of celebrating the Lord's Supper different from Luther, he was involved in violent disputes with the rest of his reforming brethren. Interpreting the words hoc est corpus meum, by hoc significat corpus meum, he maintained, that the body and blood of Christ are not really present in the eucharist; and that the bread and wine are nothing more than external signs or symbols, designed to excite in the minds of Christians the remembrance of the sufferings of the Divine Saviour, and of the benefits which arise from them. This opinion, which was afterwards to plausibly supported by the celebrated Hochey (see supper of the Lord), gave offence to Calvin as well as to Luther; but the doctrines of Zuingleius, which were most obnoxious to that eminent reformer, were those which deny election and reprobation, and make the church as a society wholly dependent on the State. Respecting the divine decrees, the opinion of Zuingleius and his followers differed very little from that of the Pelagians: for he maintained that heaven is open to all who live according to the dictates of right reason; and he seems to have denied the doctrine of original sin. Instead of declaring with Calvin, that the church is a separate independent body, vested with the right of legislation for itself, Zuingleius ascribed to the civil magistrate an absolute and unbounded power in religious matters, allowing at the same time a certain subordination among the ministers of the church. This was abundantly agreeable to the magistrates of Zurich; but the rest of the Swiss cantons disapproving of their proceedings, other assemblies were called, and things tending to tumult, both sides had recourse to arms; when Zuingleius, who began as a preacher, died in arms as a soldier, in 1521. His works amount to four vols. folio.