a town of Puglia in Italy, occupying part of the site of the ancient Canusium. The old city was founded by Diomedes, according to Strabo. It afterwards became a Roman colony, and one of the most considerable cities of this part of Italy for extent, population, and magnificence in building. The era of Trajan seems to have been that of its greatest splendour: but this pomp only served to mark it as a capital object for the avarice and fury of the Barbarians. Genleric, Totila, and Autharis, treated it with extreme cruelty. The deplorable fate to which this Swinburne's province was reduced in 590 is concisely but strongly Travels in painted by Gregory the Great in these terms: "On Sicily, every side we hear groans; on every side we behold page 408 crowds of mourners, cities burnt, castles razed to the ground, countries laid waste, provinces become deserts, some citizens led away captives, and others inhumanly massacred." No town in Puglia suffered more than Canosa from the outrages of the Saracens; the contests between the Greeks and Normans increased the measure of its woes, which was filled by a conflagration that happened when it was stormed by Duke Robert. In 1095, it was assigned, by agreement, to Bohemund prince of Antioch, who died here in 1117. Under the reign of Ferdinand the Third, this estate belonged to the Grimaldis. On their forfeiture, the Affaiti acquired it, and still retain the title of marquis, though the Capeci are the proprietors of the fief. The ancient city stood in a plain between the hills and the river Ofanto, and covered a large tract of ground. Many brick monuments, though degraded and stripped of their marble casing, still attest its ancient grandeur. Among them may be traced the fragments of aqueducts, tombs, amphitheaters, baths, military columns, and two triumphal arches, which, by their position, seem to have been two city gates. The present town stands above, on the foundations of the old citadel, and is a most pitiful remnant of so great a city, not containing above three hundred houses. The church of Sabinus, built, as is said, in the fifth century, is now without the enclosure. It is astonishing, that any part of this ancient cathedral should have withstood so many calamities. Its altars and pavements are rich in marble; and in a small court adjoining, under an octagonal cupola, is the mausoleum of Boilemund, adorned in a minute Gothic style.