Antiquity, a splendid kind of cart, or chariot, mounted on four wheels, richly decorated with gold, silver, ivory, &c., in which the emperors, senators and people of condition, were carried. The word comes from the Latin carrus, or British carr, which is still the Irish name for any wheel-carriage.

Caruca, is also used in middle age writers for a plough.

Caruca, also was sometimes used for carrucata. See Carrucate.

Carrucage (carucagium), a kind of tax anciently imposed on every plough, for the public service. See Carrucate and Hide.

Carrucage, Carucage, or Carucage, in husbandry, denotes the ploughing of ground, either ordinary, as for grain, hemp, and flax; or extraordinary, as for wood, dyers weed, rape, and the like.

Carrucate, (carucato), in our ancient laws and history, denotes a plough land, or as much arable ground as can be tilled in one year with one plough.

In Doomsday Inquisition, the arable land is estimated in carrucates, the pasture in hides, and meadow in acres. Skene makes the carrucata the same with hidda, or bida terra; Littleton the same with soc.

The measure of a carrucate appears to have differed in respect of place as well as time. In the reign of Richard I. it was estimated at 60 acres, and in another charter of the same reign at 100 acres; in the time of Edward I. at 180 acres; and in the 23rd of Edward III. a carrucate of land in Burcester contained 112 acres, and in Middleton 150 acres.

By a statute under William III. for charging per... Carrying sons to the repair of the highways, a plough-land is rated at fifty pounds per annum, and may contain houset, mills, wood, pasture, &c.