brain. Its structure and use are not so fully known as some other parts of the body; and different authors confide it in various manners. However, according to the observations of those most famed for their accuracy and dexterity in anatomical inquiries, its general structure is as given in Anatomy Index.

Dr Hunter observes, that the principal parts of the medullary substance of the brain in idiots and madmen, such as the thalami nervorum opticorum, and medulla oblongata, are found entirely changed from a medullary to a hard, tough, dark-coloured substance, sometimes resembling white leather.

Ceremonial (ceremoniale), a book in which is prescribed the order of the ceremonies to be observed in certain actions and occasions of solemnity and pomp. The ceremonial of the Roman church is called ordo Romanus. It was published in 1516 by the bishop of Coreyra; at which the college of cardinals were so scandalized, that some of them voted to have the author as well as book burnt, for his temerity in exposing the sacred ceremonies to the eyes of profane people.

Ceremonial, is also used for the set or system of rules and ceremonies which custom has introduced for regulating our behaviour, and which persons practice towards each other, either out of duty, decency, or civility.