(or rather ABAD) Hanifah of Hanifa, surnamed Al-Noona, was the son of Thabet, and born at Coushah in the 80th year of the Hegira. This is the most celebrated doctor of the orthodox Musulmans, and his sect is held in greatest esteem among the four which they indifferently follow. Notwithstanding this, he was not very well esteemed during his life; insomuch that the caliph Almanfor caused him to be imprisoned at Bagdad, for having refused to subscribe to the opinion of absolute predestination, which the Musulmans call Cadha. But afterwards Abou Joseph, who was the sovereign judge or chancellor of the empire under the caliph Hadi, brought his doctrine into such credit, that it became a prevailing opinion, That to be a good Musulman was to be a Hanifite. He died in the 150th year of the Hegira, in the prison of Bagdad: and it was not till 335 years after his death, that Melick Schah, a sultan of the Seljuicidian race, erected to his memory a magnificent monument in the same city, and a college for his followers, in the 485th year of the Hegira, and Anno Christi 1092. The most eminent successors of this doctor were Ahmed Benali, Al Giaffas, and Al Razi who was the master of Nafari; and there is a mosque particularly appropriated to them in the temple of Mecca.

Abas, Abos, or Abus, in Ancient Geography, the name of a mountain of Greater Armenia, situated between the mountains Niphatos and Nibonis. According to Strabo, the Euphrates and Araxes rise from this mountain; the former running eastward, and the latter westward.

See ABA.

ABA, ALBON, or OVON, a king of Hungary. He married the sister of Stephen I. and was elected king on the deposition of Peter in 1041. The emperor Henry III. preparing to reinstate Peter on the throne, Aba made an incursion into his dominions, and returned loaded with booty; but was next year obliged to make restitution, by paying a large sum, in order to prevent a threatened invasion from the emperor. He indulged in great familiarity with the lower class of the people, on account of which, and his severity to their order, he became universally odious to the nobility. The fugitive nobles, aided by the emperor, excited a revolt against him. After a bloody battle, Aba was put to flight; and was murdered by his own soldiers in 1044, having reigned three years.