rdinary cannot, after lapse to the metropolitan, collate his own clerk to the prejudice of the archbishop.

But if the presentation lapses to the king, the patron shall never recover his right till the king has satisfied his turn by presentation; for *nullum tempus occurrit regi*.

**LAPWING.** See *Tringa*, Ornithology Index.

**LAQUEARIUS,** a kind of athlete among the ancients, who in one hand held a *laqueus*, i.e. a sort of snare, wherewith to embarrass and entangle his antagonist, and in the other a poniard to stab him.

**LAQUEUS,** in Surgery, a kind of ligature so contrived, that, when stretched by any weight or the like, it draws up close. Its use is to extend broken, or disjointed bones, to keep them in their places while they are set, and to bind the parts close together.

**LAR,** a town of Persia, in the province of Fars, with a castle. It carries on a great trade in silk; and its territory abounds in oranges, lemons, and very large tamarinds. E. Long. 54° 15'. N. Lat. 27° 30'.

**LARACHA,** an ancient and strong town of Africa, in the kingdom of Fez. It is seated at the mouth of a river of the same name, with a good harbour. It was once in the possession of the Spaniards; but the Moors took it from them. W. Long. 5° 55'. N. Lat. 35°.

**LARARIUM,** was a chapel which the Romans frequently had in their houses for the household gods, called *lares*. Spartan says, that Alexander the son of Mammus kept in his lararium the figure of our Saviour, together with his other idols.

**LARBOARD,** among seamen, the left-hand side of the ship when you stand with your face towards the head.

**LARCENY,** or Theft, by contraction for larceny, *latrocinium*, is distinguished by the law into two sorts: the one called *simple larceny*, or plain theft, unaccompanied with any other atrocious circumstance; and mixed or compound larceny, which also includes in it the aggravation of a taking from one's house or person.

I. Simple larceny, when it is the stealing of goods above the value of twopence, is called grand larceny; when of goods to that value, or under, is *petit larceny*: offences, which are considerably distinguished in their punishment, but not otherwise. See Theft.

II. Mixed, or compound larceny, is such as has all the properties of the former, (see Theft); but is accompanied with either one or both of the aggravations of a taking from one's house or person. First therefore of larceny from the house, and then of larceny from the person.

I. Larceny from the house, though it might seem to have a higher degree of guilt than simple larceny, yet is not at all distinguished from the other at common law; unless where it is accompanied with the circumstance of breaking the house by night; and then it falls under another description, viz. that of burglary, (see Burglary). But now by several acts of parliament (the history of which is very ingeniously deduced by a learned modern writer*, who hath shown them to have gradually arisen from our improvements in trade and opulence), the benefit of clergy is taken from larcenies committed in a house in almost every instance:

except that larceny of the stock or utensils of the Plate Larceny, Glass Company from any of their houses, &c. is made only single felony, and liable to transportation for seven years. The multiplicity of the general acts is apt to create some confusion; but upon comparing them diligently, we may collect, that the benefit of clergy is denied upon the following domestic aggravations of larceny; viz. first, in larcenies above the value of twopence, committed, 1. In a church or chapel, with or without violence, or breaking the same; 2. In a booth or tent in a market or fair, in the daytime or in the night, by violence or breaking the same, the owner or some of his family being therein; 3. By robbing a dwelling house in the daytime (which robbing implies a breaking), any person being therein; 4. In a dwelling house by day or by night, without breaking the same, any person being therein and put in fear; which amounts in law to a robbery: and in both these last cases the accessory before the fact is also excluded from his clergy. Secondly, In larcenies to the value of five shillings, committed, 1. By breaking any dwelling house, or any outhouse, shop, or warehouse thereunto belonging, in the daytime, although no person be therein; which also now extends to aiders, abettors, and accessories before the fact; 2. By privately flealing goods, wares, or merchandise in any shop, warehouse, coach-house, or stable, by day or by night; though the same be not broken open, and though no person be therein; which likewise extends to such as assist, hire, or command the offence to be committed. Lastly, In larcenies to the value of forty shillings in a dwelling house, or its out houses, although the same be not broken, and whether any person be therein or not; unless committed against their masters by apprentices under the age of 15. This also extends to those who aid or assist in the commission of any such offence.

2. Larceny from the person, is either by privately flealing, or by open and violent assault, which is usually called robbery.

The offence of privately flealing from a man's person, as by picking his pocket or the like, privily, without his knowledge, was debarred of the benefit of clergy to early as by the statute 8 Eliz. c. 4. But then it must be such a larceny as stands in need of the benefit of clergy, viz. of above the value of 12d.; else the offender shall not have judgement of death. For the statute creates no new offence; but only takes away the benefit of clergy, which was a matter of grace, and leaves the thief to the regular judgement of the ancient law. This severity (for a mott severe law it certainly is) seems to be owing to the ease with which such offences are committed, the difficulty of guarding against them, and the boldness with which they were practised (even in the queen's court and presence) at the time when this statute was made: besides that this is an infringement of property in the manual occupation or corporal possession of the owner, which was an offence even in a state of nature. And therefore the *faccularii*, or cutpurse, were more severely punished than common thieves by the Roman and Athenian laws.

As to open and violent larceny from the person, see Robbery.

**LARDIZABALA,** a genus of plants belonging to the ditecia class, and order hexandria. It is a native of Lardner, of Chili, and is thus described from the drawings of La Martiniere the naturalist, who accompanied La Pérouse in his voyage of discovery.

**Male Flower.** — Calyx formed of six expanding leaves, oblong, oval, and obtuse; the three outermost being largest. Corolla composed of six sharp petals, shorter than the leaves of the calyx.

**Female Flower.** — Calyx similar to that of the male, but larger. Corolla composed of six petals rarely entire, but commonly trifid at their top. Stamina six; filaments distinct; anthers fixed, oblong, barren. Seed-bud; cells from three to five, oblong, nearly the length of the corolla; styles none; stigmata fitting, permanent. Berries equal in number to the cells, oblong, acuminate (divided into six cells, containing several angular seeds).