the ancient name of the province of Diarbeck, in Turkey in Asia. It is situated between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris; having Af. Meopotery, Syria on the east, Armenia on the north, Syria on the west, and Arabia Deferta with Babylonia on the south. The Hebrews called it *Padan aram*, (Gen. xxviii. 2, &c.), and *Aram Naharaim* (title of Psa. lx.) or Aram of the two rivers, because it was first peopled by Aram father of the Syrians, and is situated between the two rivers already mentioned. This country is much celebrated in Scripture, as being the first dwelling of men both before and after the deluge; and because it gave birth to Phaleg, Heber, Terah, Abraham, Nahor, Sarah, Rebekah, Rachel, Leah, and to the sons of Jacob. Babylon was in the ancient Mesopotamia, till, by vast labour and industry, the two rivers of the Tigris and Euphrates were united into one channel. The plains of Shinar were in the same country. Often they gave it the name of Mesopotamia (Deut. xxiii. 4. &c.) and sometimes that of Syria, (Hosea xii. 12.). Balama son of Beor was of Mesopotamia, Deut. xxxiii. 4. Chuthan-rilhathaim king of Mesopotamia kept the Hebrews in subjection some time after the death of Joshua, Judg. iii. 8.