a palatinate in the duchy of Lithuania, partly in Poland, and partly in Russia, and under the government of Russia since 1773; bounded on the north by the palatinate of Weytepliski, on the south by the Dwina, on the north by Mulcovy, and on the west by Livonia. It is a desert country, full of wood, and had formerly its own dukes.

a town of Lithuania, and capital of a palatinate of the same name, with two castles to defend it. It was taken by the Mulcovites in 1563, and retaken the same year. It is seated on the river Dwina, 30 miles south-west of Weytepliski, and 80 east of Birzai. E. Long. 29° 0'. N. Lat. 56° 4'.