east to the wall of the citadel, to which it joined on the west, 54 feet. It was perhaps that sacred to Tripolomus. This spot commands a very extensive view of the plain and bay. About three-fourths of the cottages are within the precincts of the mystic temple, and the square tower stands on the ruined wall of the inclosure.

"At a small distance from the north end of the inclosure is a heap of marble, consisting of fragments of the Doric and Ionic orders; remains, it is likely, of the temples of Diana Propylea and of Neptune, and of the Propyleum or gateway. Wheler saw some large stones carved with wheat-ears and bundles of poppy. Near it is the bust of a colossal statue of excellent workmanship, maimed, and the face disfigured; the breadth at the shoulders, as measured by Pococke, five feet and an half; and the basket on the head above two feet deep. It probably represented Proserpine. In the heap are two or three inscribed pedestals; and on one are a couple of torches, crooked. We saw another fixed in the same flairs, which lead up the square tower on the outside. It belonged to the statue of a lady, who was hierophant or priestess of Proserpine, and had covered the altar of the goddess with silver. A well in the village was perhaps that called Calliochus, where the women of Eleusis were accustomed to dance in honour of Ceres. A tradition prevails, that if the broken statue be removed, the fertility of the land will cease. Achmet Aga was fully possessed with this superstition, and declined permitting us to dig or measure there, until I had overcome his scruples by a present of a handsome snuff-box containing several zechins or pieces of gold."

**Eleutheria**, a festival celebrated at Platæa in honour of Jupiter Eleutherius, or "the afforter of liberty," by delegates from almost all the cities of Greece. Its institution originated in this: After the victory obtained by the Grecians under Pausanias over Mardonius the Persian general, in the country of Platæa, an altar and statue were erected to Jupiter Eleutherius, who had freed the Greeks from the tyranny of the barbarians. It was further agreed upon in a general assembly, by the advice of Arìtides the Athenian, that deputies should be sent every fifth year, from the different cities of Greece, to celebrate Eleutheria, festivals of liberty. The Platæans celebrated also an anniversary festival in memory of those who had lost their lives in that famous battle. The celebration was thus: At break of day a procession was made with a trumpeter at the head, sounding a signal for battle. After him followed chariots loaded with myrrh, garlands, and a black bull, and certain free young men, as no signs of fertility were to appear during the solemnity, because they in whose honour the festival was instituted had died in the defence of their country. They carried libations of wine and milk in large-eared vessels, with jars of oil, and precious ointments. Last of all appeared the chief magistrate, who, though not permitted at other times to touch iron, or wear garments of any colour but white, yet appeared clad in purple, and taking a water-pot out of the city-chamber, proceeded through the middle of the town, with a sword in his hand, towards the sepulchres. There he drew water from a neighbouring spring, and washed and anointed the monuments, after which he sacrificed a bull upon a pile of wood, invoking Jupiter and infernal Mercury, and inviting to the entertainment the souls of those happy heroes who had perished in the defence of their country. After this he filled a bowl with wine, saying, I drink to those who lost their lives in the defence of the liberties of Greece. There was also a festival of the same name observed by the Samians in honour of the god of love. Slaves also, when they obtained their liberty, kept a holiday, which they called Eleutheria.

**Elf**, a term now almost obsolete, formerly used to denote a fairy or hobgoblin; an imaginary being, the creature of ignorance, superstition, and craft. See Fairy.

**Elf-Arrows**, in Natural History, a name given to the flints anciently fashioned into arrow-heads, and still found fossil in Scotland, America, and several other parts of the world; they are believed by the vulgar to be shot by fairies, and that cattle are sometimes killed by them.

**Elgin**, the capital of the county of Moray in Scotland, and formerly a bishop's see, is situated on the river Lossie, about six miles north from the Spey, in W. Long. 2° 25'. N. Lat. 57° 40'. Mr Pennant says, it is a good town, and has many of the houses built over piazzas; but, excepting its great cattle-fairs, has little trade. It is principally remarkable for its ecclesiastical antiquities. The cathedral, now in ruins, has been formerly a very magnificent pile. The west door is very elegant and richly ornamented. The choir is very beautiful, and has a fine and light gallery running round it; and at the east end are two rows of narrow windows in an excellent Gothic taste. The chapter-house is an octagon; the roof supported by a fine single column with neat carvings of coats of arms round the capital. There is still a great tower on each side of this cathedral; but that in the centre, with the spire and whole roof, are fallen in; and form most awful fragments, mixed with the battered monuments of knights and prelates. Boethius says, that Duncan, who was killed by Macbeth at Inverness, lies buried here. The place is also crowded with a number of modern tomb-stones.—The cathedral was founded by Andrew de Moray, in 1224, on a piece of land granted by Alexander II.; and his remains were deposited in the choir, under a tomb of blue marble, in 1244. The great tower was built principally by John Innes bishop of this see, as appears by the inscription cut on one of the great pillars: "Hic Jacet in Xto, pater et dominus, Dominus Johannes de Innes, hujus ecclesiae Episcopus—qui hoc notabile opus incepit et per septennium sedificavit." Elgin is a royal borough; and gives title of earl to the family of Bruce.

**Elginshire**, is the middle district of the ancient county of Moray. It is bounded on the north by that branch of the German ocean called the Moray Firth; on the east and south-east by Banffshire; on the south-west, by Inverness-shire; and on the west by the counties of Inverness and Nairn. It extends about 42 miles in length, and its average breadth is about 20. The southern part is rocky and mountainous, called the district of Braemoray, which is occupied with extensive forests. The lower parts, towards the north, are rich and fertile; but might easily be rendered more productive. Elginshire, productive. The principal rivers are, the Spey, Findhorn, and Lossie; all of which abound with salmon. It contains two royal boroughs, viz. Elgin, the county town, and Forres; and several considerable towns, as Grantown, Garriouth, Lossiemouth, &c. The principal seats are, Gordon-castle, the seat of the duke of Gordon; Castle Grant, the seat of Sir James Grant; Alyre, the seat of Colonel Cumming, &c. Morayshire abounds with many remains of antiquity; the principal of which are the magnificent cathedral of Elgin, the priory of Pluscardine near the town of Elgin, the bishop's palace at Spynie, the castles of Lochindorb, Dunphail, and the dun of Relugas, in the parish of Edenkeillie. The ancient Scottihi historians, particularly Fordun and Buchanan, give accounts of the Danes landing in Moray, about 1008, when Malcolm II. marched against them, and was defeated near Forres; after this they brought over their wives and children, and were in possession of the country for some time; until they were finally expelled by that monarch, after the victories gained over them at Luncarty near Perth, at Barrie in the county of Angus, and at Mortlach in the county of Banff. There are many monuments of that nation; the most remarkable of which is Suveno's stone or pillar, on the road from Nairn and Forres, in the parish of Raasford. Except freestone, limestone, and marl, no mineral substance of value has been discovered.

| Parish | Population in 1755 | Population in 1790-1798 | |------------|-------------------|------------------------| | Alves | 1691 | 1111 | | Birnie | 525 | 402 | | Dallas | 700 | 888 | | Drainy | 1174 | 1040 | | Duffus | 1679 | 1800 | | Duthil | 1785 | 1110 | | Dyke and Moy | 1826 | 1529 | | Edenkeillie | 1443 | 1800 | | Elgin | 6306 | 4534 | | Forres | 1993 | 2987 | | Kinloch | 1191 | 1031 | | Knockandow | 1267 | 1500 | | Raasford | 1313 | 1072 | | Rothes | 1940 | 1500 | | St Andrews | 1132 | 777 | | Speymouth | 994 | 1347 | | Spynie | 865 | 602 | | Urquhart | 1110 | 1050 |

Decrease... 2854