is properly barley decorticated, or deprived of its hulls, by beating in a mortar, as was the ancient practice; though the cooling potion obtained by boiling such barley in water, and afterwards sweetening the liquor with liquorice-root, is what at present goes by the name of pitian; and to render it laxative, some add a little senna or other ingredient of the same intention.

PTOLEMAIC System of Astronomy, is that invented by Claudius Ptolemaeus. See Ptolemy, Claudius.