the 10th emperor of the Turks, was the eldest son of Mahomet I., and succeeded his father in 1421. He besieged Constantinople and Belgrade without success; but he took Thessalonica from the Venetians, and compelled the prince of Bosnia and John Caitriot prince of Albania to pay him tribute. He obliged the latter to lend his three sons as hostages; among whom was George, celebrated in history by the name of Scanderbeg. John Hunniades defeated Amurat's troops, and obliged him to make peace with the Christian princes, in 1442. These princes afterwards breaking the peace, Amurat defeated them in the famous battle of Varna, November 10th, 1444, which proved fatal to the Christians, and in which Ladislaus king of Hungary was killed. He afterwards defeated Hunniades, and killed above 20,000 of his men; but George Caitriot, better known by the name of Scanderbeg, being re-established in the estates of his father, defeated the Turks several times, and obliged Amurat to raise the siege of Croia, the capital of Albania. Amurat died, chagrined with his ill success, and infirm with age, February 11th, 1451, at Adrianople. It is observed to this prince's honour, that he always kept his treaties with the greatest fidelity.