Grammar, an accent, serving to note, or distinguish, a syllable of an intermediate sound between acute and grave; and generally somewhat long.—The Greeks had three accents, the acute, the grave, and the circumflex; formed thus, ' , " . In Latin, English, French, &c., the circumflex is made thus'.—The acute raises the voice, and the grave falls or lowers it: the circumflex is a kind of undulation, or wavering of the voice, between the two. It is seldom used among the moderns, unless to show the omission of a letter which made the syllable long and open; a thing much more frequent in the French than among us: thus they write paté for patte; tête for teft; fames for fismer, &c. They also use the circumflex in the participles; some of their authors writing connu, peu, others connu, pa, &c. Father Buffier is at a loss for the reason of the circumflex on this occasion.

The form of the Greek circumflex was anciently the same with that of ours, viz. ', being a composition of the other two accents η in one.—But the copists, changing the form of the characters, and introducing the running hand, changed also the form of the circumflex accent; and instead of making a just angle, rounded it off, adding a dash, through too much haste; and thus formed an s, laid horizontally, which produced this figure', instead of this'.

Circumgyration, denotes the whirling motion of any body round a centre; such is that of the planets round the sun.